DO NOT COPY Surviva+ Guide Page 1 of 7 Oceanography OCE1001 Exam 1 Study Guide 1. The crust and the mantle are divided into the following layers in order of increasing depth: A. Mesosphere, lithosphere, asthenosphere B. Asthenosphere, lithosphere, mesosphere C. Lithosphere, mesosphere, asthenosphere D. Lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere E. Asthenosphere, mesosphere, lithosphere 2. What happens when plate tectonics causes two continents to collide at a convergent boundary? A. Subduction stops abruptly B. One continent is subducted into the mantle C. Neither continent will subduct, so they crumple and form mountain ranges D. The convergent boundary turns into a divergent or transform boundary E. None of the above. 3. How does an ocean basin form? A. A continental plate is pulled apart and seafloor spreading creates ocean lithosphere in the gap left between pieces. B. Continental lithosphere becomes so dense that it sinks C. All of the ocean basins were formed when Earth’s crust first formed, so there are no new oceans D. Meteorite impacts cause huge craters that are the precursors to oceans E. Heat and volcanism from Earth’s mantle can cause granitic continental crust to change into basaltic ocean crust 4. Seafloor spreading can create oceanic ridges and oceanic rises. What is the difference? A. The occur at different parts of the world B. Oceanic ridges spread quickly and produce vast amounts of rock while oceanic rises spread slowly and accumulate steeply C. Oceanic rises spread quickly and produce vast amounts of rock while oceanic ridges spread slowly and accumulate steeply D. Oceanic ridge volcanoes are active while oceanic rise volcanoes are dormant 5. What is a fathom A. It was derived from the length of an average person’s stride B. It was derived from the length of an average person’s outstretched armsDO NOT COPY Surviva+ Guide Page 2 of 7 C. It was derived from the length of an average person’s height D. None of the above 6. How can a satellite measure ocean depth? A. They have such good optics that they can see the ocean floor through the water column. B. They can use microwave beams which reach the ocean floor and then bounce back into space C. They can use microwave beams that bounce back from the ocean surface which is shaped by the ocean floor D. None of the above 7. A method used to determine what layers beneath the ocean floor look like is called what? A. Echo sounding B. Side-Scan Sonar C. Hydrophone D. Multi-beam sonar E. Seismic profiling 8. Which are characteristics of a passive continental margin? A. Broad continental shelf with steep continental slope B. Narrow continental shelf with steep continental slope C. Broad continental shelf with gentle continental slope D. Narrow continental shelf with gentle continental slope 9. Which of the following is NOT an example of hydrogenous sediment? A. Manganese nodules B. Phosphorites C. Salts D. Ooliths E. Tektites 10. What generates silica oozes? A. Radiolarians and coccolithophores B. Diatoms and foraminiferans C. Diatoms and radiolarians D. Coccolithophores and diatoms E. Cocc0lithophores and foraminiferans 11. Sediments found on the seafloor and attributed to processes in the past are called what? A. Nonexistent sediments B. Pelagic sediments C. Relict sediments D. Rafted sedimentsDO NOT COPY Surviva+ Guide Page 3 of 7 E. Sorted sediments 12. How does the particle size of terrigeous sediments generally change with distance form shore? A. Increases B. Decreases C. Stays the same D. Become less uniform E. Is less graded 13. Lithogenous sediment is A. Derived from rock B. Derived from plants and animals C. Always found at depths over 4500m D. Always associated with deep-sea trenches. 14. What is the average kinetic energy of any substance called? A. Heat B. Specific heat C. Temperature D. Calories E. None of the above 15. What is the total kinetic energy of any substance called? A. Heat B. Specific heat C. Temperature D. Calories E. None of the above 16. What is the unit that is equivalent to raising the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree centigrade? A. Calorie B. Van der Waals C. Heat capacity D. Kilocalorie E. Joule 17. The addition of salt to fresh water to form salt water causes which of the following? A. Increases the density of the water B. Depresses the boiling point and elevates the freezing point C. Makes the temperature of maximum density increase D. All of these are correct E. None of these are correctDO NOT COPY Surviva+ Guide Page 4 of 7 18. 19. 18. Why can sound be used to measure depth whereas light cannot? A. Light cannot penetrate water at all, while sound can travel through water. B. Light is completely attenuated at less than 1000-meter depth while sound can travel all the way to the ocean floor. C. In fact we can use light to measure the ocean floor, but using sound is cheaper. D. The speed of light varies so much in water that we cannot use it to measure depth. E. None of the above 19. Many of the unique properties of water, such as cohesion and its reputation as a universal solvent, come from its atomic structure. What causes these properties? A. Atoms in water molecules are stuck together with atomic bonds B. Atoms in water molecules are stuck together with covalent bonds C. Water molecules are magnetically polarized D. Water molecules have a positive electrical charge on one side and a negative on the other E. Many other ions can substitute for the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule 20. Why does ocean temperature change little from day to night? A. Marine ice caps keep ocean water from heating up too much B. Water has a high heat capacity so it can both absorb and release a lot of energy without changing temperature C. Salts in ocean water absorb sunlight during the day and release it at night D. Stronger, more consistent winds over the ocean distribute heat evenly E. High heat capacity absorbs solar energy slowly and releases it quickly 21. How does water have such strong surface tension? A. Water molecules as constantly bumping against each other, creating strong surface tension B. Water is the universal solvent, and so has extremely strong surface tension C. Hydroxide bonds form between adjacent molecules due to water’s acidity, thus giving it strong surface tension D. Water has high kinetic energy, resulting in
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