3-22-12What are the 3 domains of life? C) Bacteria, Eukarya, ArchaeaWhat marine organism represents the vast majority of the ocean’s biomass?A) Plankton Plankton are organisms that float. Why is a copepod, which can swim and propel itself through the water, classified as plankton?E) Because of its small size it cannot swim very fast or very far, so its location is determined by currentsOrganisms that can photosynthesize and produce their own food are called what?B) AutotrophicOrganisms that only spend part of their life cycle as plankton are referred to as what?D) Meroplankton What are nektobenthos?C) Organisms that live on the bottom but can swim or crawl through the waterWhat is the primary factor that limits life on the deep-ocean floor?D) Sparse food supplyOf Earth’s total number of species, why are the fewest in the marine pelagic realm?B) Uniform conditions in the pelagic realm make fewer specialized environments for organism adaptation as different speciesWhy is the surface area to volume ratio important for phytoplankton?B) A larger ratio provides higher resistance to sinking and less energy used to stay afloat.Why do most fish and marine mammals have the same torpedo-like, streamlined shape?D) The streamlined shape minimizes energy expended to move through the water3-27-12Most fresh water fish are hypertonic, meaning their body cells contain more salt than the surrounding water. Since osmosis should push water into their cells, why don’t they explode?A) They urinate a lot so the water does not build upB) They don’t drink any water since they get so much from osmosisC) Their cells have adapted to absorb saltD) They have adapted to live with high osmotic Pressure E) All the above CorrectWhat is the primary difference between pelagic environment zones below the photic zone? A) Increasing pressure with increasing depth What are the reasons the ocean has a smaller daily, seasonal, and annual temperature range than that experienced on land?A) Water has greater heat capacity than land so the ocean does not heat up as fastB) Warming of the ocean is reduced by evaporation getting rid of excess heatC) Radiation from the sun can penetrate deep into the water distributing its energy throughout thelarge masD) Water has good mixing mechanisms that allow heat to be transported from one area to another E) All the above CorrectWhat is the definition of eurythermal?C) Organisms that can tolerate large changes in temperature Freshwater fish are isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic relative to their environment?B) Hypertonic How does water pressure change with depth?C) Pressure increases with depth What is the euphotic zone?D) The zone where there is enough light to support photosynthesis What are the 4 bio zones of the oceanic province?C) Epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, and abyssopelagicWhat is the neritic province?D) The zone with water depths less than 200 metersWhat is the deepest zone of the sub oceanic province?B) Hadal3-29-12Biological oceanographers discuss about biomass frequently. Just what is biomass?C) The total mass of all organisms of a given classWhat is the difference between gross primary productivity and net primary productivity?C ) Gross productivity is the amount of organic carbon created by photosynthesis per unit of time an net productivity is he gross minus the amount of organic carbon consumed by the photosynthsizers What are the two primary factors that control biologic productivity in the surface oceans?D) Sunlight and nutrients What is the biological pump?E) The removal of organic matter and nutrients from surface water to deep water thorough the sinking of dead surface dwelling organisms Why is upwelling such an important factor in creating areas of high biologic productivity?A) Upwelling brings nutrient rich deep water to the surface where productivity is limited bythe availability of nutrients Why are sessile, plant-like macro algae (i.e., those attached to the ocean bottom) only found in littoral and sub-littoral environments? D) They require light to reach the ocean bottom which only occurs in these two zones Given what you know about surface productivity, where do you think that sunlight penetrates deepest into the ocean? C) Middle gyre In photosynthesis, what two things must come together with light energy input to produce sugar and oxygen?E) Water and carbon dioxideWhat influences ocean color?A) The level of turbidity as a result of runoff B) The level of photosynthetic pigment which has a positive correlation with biological productionD) A and B (correct)What is responsible for the red tide phenomenon?C) Red tide occurs in patches of water where certain species of dinoflagellates flourish. They are so abundant that the water becomes discolored and takes on a red hue4-3-12What are the 3 basic categories of organism that exist within an ecosystem?C) Producers, consumers, and decomposers What is suspension feeding?B) The use of specialized structures to filter water for foodWhat is the gross ecological efficiency?B) The ratio of energy passed on to the next higher trophic level divided by the energy received from the trophic level belowWhat is a food chain?A) A sequence of organisms through which energy is transferredWhat is a food web?B) The feeding relationships between all organisms in an ecosystem What is a biomass pyramid?A) The number of individuals and the total biomass decrease at successively higher trophic levelsWhat is meant by the term fisheries?C) The fish caught from the ocean by commercial fishersWhat is a standing stock?C) The total mass of a population present in an ecosystem at a given timeExplain maximum sustainable yield.B) The maximum fishery biomass that can be removed yearly and still be sustained by the fishery ecosystem.What is incidental catch or bycatch?C) Non targeted marine organisms that are caught by fishers on accident4-5-12What strategies or methods do not help an organism float?B) Becoming LargerYou are a fish that lives a cruising lifestyle which of the following will not describe you?E) Good camouflage Which of the following is not an advantage of schooling? C) Some predators can take advantage of the high density of prey found in a schoolWhich of the following are not adaptations for deep-water nekton? D) Ability to swim swiftly for long distances A fish’s swim bladder is an internal organ that does what?D) Enables the fish to achieve neutral buoyancyWhat is a general rule to help determine how
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