OCE 1001 Final Exam Quiz Questions Chapter 3 from a ship E All of the Above 1 If satellites can measure the depth of the sea floor why bother to make bathymetry sounds 2 Why does the hypsometric curve show two broad flat areas one at about 840 meters above sea level and another at about 3740 meters below sea level B These two levels represent average continent and ocean heights resulting from isostasy 3 What is the average depth of the outer edge of the continental shelf i e the shelf break B 135 meters 4 What is the difference between a fracture zone and transform fault D A transform fault has an active fault separating two plates whereas a fracture zone is just the scar formed on one plate by the transform fault 5 Why does hot water come out of hydrothermal vents on the flanks of the mid ocean ridges C Water percolates downward through cracks in the crust is heated in the hot deeper crust and rises back up to the surface through other cracks 6 How have oceanographers learned most about the geology of the seafloor D Acoustic seismic sounding and profiling 7 The hypsometric curve shows sea level What would happen if you raised lowered sea level by B Raising sea level would inundate most of the continental lowlands but lowering sea level would expose a much smaller area 8 Which passive continental margin province is located at the foot of the margin 1 kilometer D Rise 9 Why is the East Coast of the United States considered a passive margin C It is far from any plate boundary and experiences no major tectonic activity 10 Why so abyssal plains not occur often in the Pacific Ocean A The deep ocean trenches of the Pacific Ocean act like gutters that trap sediment transported off the land by turbidity currents 11 Black smokers emit water in excess of 350 degrees Celsius but release water rather than steam Water normally turns to steam at 100 degrees Celsius Why is this so B The boiling point of water is much higher where black smokers occur due to higher pressure Chapter 4 12 From smallest to largest which list of sediment textures is in the correct order B Clay silt sand pebbles 13 Why is quartz one of the most abundant constituents of lithogenous sediments A Quartz is composed of silica which is common in continental rocks B Quartz is formed in the arid environments of deserts which only occur on land C Quartz is one of the most durable minerals in continental rocks so it resists weathering D Quartz grains come from continental mountain belts E Quartz is heavier than most other minerals so it tends to be concentrated in lithogenous 14 The Calcite Compensation Depth CCD is the depth in the ocean where equals deposits D carbonate dissolution carbonate supply 15 Why are gas hydrate deposits abundant on submarine continental margins A Organic marine sediments provide natural gas in which pressure is high and temperature is low 16 Why are the deep ocean basins covered with red clay deposits D Clay dominates because of the near absence of lithogenous and biogenic particles 17 On the whole what is the most important mechanism of transporting continental margin lithogenous sediments B Flowing water D Carbonate ooze substances D CaCO3 and SiO2 18 You are on a research cruise and you leave Japan heading east At about 1500 kilometers east of Japan you encounter a large volcanic plateau Shatsky Rise that is covered with sediments You lower a piston core to sample the sediments and the wire indicator says 2500 meters of water depth What kind of sediment will the core likely contain 19 Most biogenic sediments consist of tiny shells called microfossils that are made of what two 20 Why is most lithogenous sediment composed of quartz A Quartz is resistant to abrasion extremely abundant and extremely stable 21 How are oozes different from abyssal clays B Oozes are at least 30 biogenous test material while abyssal clays are at least 70 fine clay sized particles from the continent 22 Why are gas hydrates important C Fifty sites worldwide contain extensive gas hydrate deposits on the sea floor this could be a huge energy source in the future Chapter 12 23 Plankton are organisms that float Why is a copepod which can swim and propel itself through the water classified as plankton E Because of its small size it cannot swim very fast or very far so its location is determined by currents 24 Of Earth s total number of species why are the fewest in the marine pelagic realm B Uniform conditions in the pelagic realm make fewer specialized environments for organism adaptation as different species 25 Why do most fish and marine mammals have the same torpedo like streamlined shape D The streamlined shape minimizes energy expended to move through the water 26 Why do most fish and marine mammals have the same torpedo like streamlined shape D The streamlined shape minimizes energy expended to move through the water 27 Most fresh water fish are hypertonic meaning their body cells contain more salt than the surrounding water Since osmosis should push water into their cells why don t they explode E All of the above 25 What is the primary difference between pelagic environment zones below the photic zone A Increasing pressure with increasing depth 26 Why don t fish right have spines like the foraminifera left to keep them from sinking D None of the above D Bat star 27 Which of the following organisms is in the same kingdom as humans kingdom animalia 28 Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the marine environment B Free oxygen is more abundant than the terrestrial environment 29 Which of the following is the most specific way to group organisms according to the current taxonomic classification system C Species 30 What marine organism represents the vast majority of the ocean s biomass A Plankton Chapter 13 31 What is the difference between gross primary productivity and net primary productivity B Gross productivity is the amount of organic carbon created by photosynthesis per unit of time and net productivity is the gross minus the amount of organic carbon consumed by the photo synthesizers 32 What are the two primary factors that control biologic productivity in the surface oceans D Sunlight and nutrients 33 What is the biological pump The removal of organic matter and nutrients from surface water to deep water through the sinking of dead surface dwelling organisms 34 Why is upwelling such an important factor in creating areas of high biologic productivity A Upwelling brings nutrient rich deep water to
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