Oceanography Chapter 5 Homework Question 16 The overall electrical charge of most atoms is balanced because each atom contains an equal number of protons and neutrons Question 18 Water molecules exhibit strong cohesion Question 20 Water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension Question 40 Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of True True False the polarity of water molecules Question 42 The surface tension of water is relatively low Reading Quiz Question 2 The principal reason that oil and water do not mix even when shaken is that oil molecules are nonpolar whereas water molecules are polar Give It Some Thought Water in the Atmosphere Part A The accompanying image depicts the three states of water and the processes by which water changes from one state to another Use this information to match the correct state to each of the statements below liquid liquid water The state of matter in which water is the densest gas water vapor The state of matter in which water molecules are the most energetic gas water vapor The state of matter in which water is compressible gas water vapor The state of matter of steam rising from a hot cup of coffee solid ice The state of matter in which water molecules vibrate about fixed locations solid ice The state of matter of frost on grass Part B Examine the accompanying table Can you calculate how much less water is contained in saturated air at a polar location with a temperature of 10 C when compared to a tropical location with a temperature of 40 C 45 grams True True calorie Question 22 Evaporation causes cooling in the liquid left behind Question 24 The latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting Question 44 The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is the definition of Question 46 Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a change in state Question 48 A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0oC What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added It remains constant until the ice melts and then it begins to rise Understanding the Concepts 2 Of the following statements about water s latent heat and changes in state which is are true When water vapor condenses and forms a liquid its latent heat of condensation releases heat to the environment this is what powers hurricanes Latent heat allows water to transfer energy from one place to another In the solid state all water molecules are connected by weak hydrogen bonds In the vapor state there are no weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules When water evaporates its latent heat of evaporation absorbs heat Interactive Animation Water Phase Changes Part A What must break in order for water to change from solid to liquid to gas hydrogen bonds between water molecules Part B How much heat energy is needed to melt 1 gram of ice 80 calories of heat energy Part C Why does temperature NOT initially increase as energy is added after ice begins to melt The added energy is used to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules Part D What physically breaks hydrogen bonds between water molecules as ice melts movement of water molecules Part E What do we call the energy used to melt ice once the ice becomes water latent heat of water Part F How much heat energy is needed to turn 1 gram of water at 100 degrees Celsius into water vapor 540 calories of heat energy Part G How can water vapor become ice Water vapor can become liquid water through the release of heat energy and then become ice through the release of more heat energy Water vapor can also become ice directly through the release of heat energy Oceanography Videos Field Study Segments Heat Capacity Part A Consider a substance that has high heat capacity As compared to a substance with low heat capacity when an equal amount of heat is applied to both the high heat capacity substance will heat up much more slowly Part B What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate differences in heat capacity balloons Part C In the demonstration two objects were subjected to a flame from a lighter The object that was filled with air and the object that was filled with water exploded had no change Part D What caused the object filled with water to respond the way it did when it was subjected to the flame The water absorbed the heat away from the surface container Question 26 Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances Question 28 Independent of the actual salinity the ratios or proportions of the major dissolved constituents of seawater such as chloride sodium and magnesium are relatively constant Question 30 The density of seawater is slightly lower than the density pure water Question 50 The average salinity of typical seawater is Question 62 Please identify the word and or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern Enter only the letter of the answer caps no period and not the full entry in the field below False True False 3 5 A sodium ion B calcium ion C potassium ion D hydrogen ion E magnesium ion Chloride evaporation evaporation evaporation the formation of sea ice Evaporation Reading Quiz Question 4 Which is the most abundant ion in seawater Concept Check Question 4 Which process in the hydrologic cycle is most effective at increasing ocean salinity on a global scale Question 52 All the following processes decrease the salinity of water except Question 54 All the following processes decrease seawater salinity except Understanding the Concepts 8 Of the following processes which INCREASES the salinity of seawater Give It Some Thought Water Salinity and Temperature Variation at Different Latitudes Part A Can you determine where each was sampled from based on salinity Label the samples accordingly Also note the two locations for seasonal sea ice melt and seawater freezing and label those for salinity Locations that experience season seawater freezing have increased salinity in the surrounding seawater during that time Locations that experience seasonal ice melting have decreased salinity in the surrounding seawater during that time Sample A Atlantic Ocean high salinity content just east of the Bahamas Sample B Atlantic Ocean moderate to low salinity content off the west coast of Africa near the equator Sample C High salinity content from the Red Sea Sample D Moderate to low
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