OCE 1001 Exam 2 1 The surface tension of water is relatively high 2 Which is the most abundant ion in seawater Chloride 3 Of the following statements about seawater salinity which is are true The two most common dissolved components in seawater are sodium and chloride only option that starts with the Seawater salinity averages 3 5 both options with Seawater salinity averages 35 4 All the following processes decrease the salinity of water except Evaporation 5 The ion in sea water that serves as a buffer is HCO3 6 The pH of surface seawater usually has a value of around 8 0 That means the water is slightly basic or alkaline 7 In regions with low rates of precipitation and high rates of evaporation the halocline will decrease in salinity with depth 8 9 The primary difficulty that must be overcome in the use of desalination plants to provide fresh water is the high cost of energy involved 10 Match the term with the appropriate phrase charged atoms due to the gain or loss of one or more electrons ions 11 Match the term with the appropriate phrase change in state from solid to gas sublimation 12 A zone of high atmospheric pressure results when there is relatively air aloft Cool dry 13 Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to be deflected toward the east 14 Of the following physical properties of the atmosphere which is are true The air temperature is warmer near Earth s surface than in the upper part of the troposphere Warm air holds more water vapor than cool air Air always moves from high pressure regions toward low pressure regions Low pressure at the surface is associated with rising air movement away from the surface 15 The wind belt s with strong reliable generally easterly winds is are the Trade winds 16 Earth s polar regions above 60 latitude are classified as deserts because cold dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation 17 How does the Coriolis effect cause the atmosphere to move around high and low pressures in the Northern Hemisphere The Coriolis effect causes air to move counterclockwise around low pressure The Coriolis effect causes air to move clockwise around high pressure 18 The thickness of sea ice is limited primarily by the insulating nature of the ice itself 19 A Vernal equinox B summer solstice D Autumnal equinox C Winter solstice 20 C Tropic of Cancer E Antarctic Circle B Tropic of Capricorn A Equator D Arctic Circle 21 C Wind belt prevailing westerlies A Wind belt trade winds F Boundary polar front B Boundary horse latitudes D Boundary doldrums E Wind belt polar easterlies 22 C Movement of cool dry air A Inside the eye of the hurricane B Movement of warm water vapor D Movement of spiral rain bands 23 E Tropical D Subtropical C Subpolar B Equatorial A Temperate 24 Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by Density differences 25 Of the following statements about Ekman spiral and Ekman transport which is are true All except Ekman transport is the same thing as thermohaline flow 26 Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient rich bottom water through Upwelling 27 Downwelling can result from converging surface currents 28 Organize the following stages of the El Ni o Southern Oscillation ENSO warm phase into chronological order In a severe warm phase fisheries productivity on the west coasts of the Americas is dramatically reduced Which stage of ENSO would come just before this fisheries collapse The thermocline deepens in eastern boundary currents of the Pacific Ocean subtropical gyres 29 Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica Two circumpolar currents dominate it one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west 30 When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the North Atlantic gyre the body of water is called a cold core ring 31 Select all that apply The Coriolis effect deflects ocean currents in the Southern Hemisphere to the left due to Earth s rotation Because the current is located in the Southern Hemisphere the subtropical gyre pulls the current in a counterclockwise direction 32 33 Thermohaline circulation is driven by density differences 34 Deep water circulation brings oxygen from the surface to the deep ocean because of greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water 35 Records indicate that the ocean is warming faster in the Arctic polar regions than elsewhere If that continues a possible consequence could be slowing of deep ocean circulation resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water 36 In comparison to wind energy ocean currents can generate more clean renewable energy because the density of water is greater than that of air 37 An internal wave might form at a density boundary within the ocean 38 Of the following statements about ocean waves which is are true Ocean waves can be described by their period wavelength and height Ocean waves can be classified by the way in which they form Ocean waves can be classified by the depth of water in which they move 39 The diameter of a wave orbital at the surface is equal to wave height 40 The speed of a deep water wave is proportional to wavelength 41 The height of a wave depends upon fetch wind duration and wind speed 42 The largest wind generated waves tend to be associated with the westerlies 43 Constructive interference results in larger waves whereas destructive interference produces smaller waves 44 As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline its wave height increases and its wavelength decreases 45 Waves that are breaking along the shore and are forming curling crests over air pockets are called plunging breakers 46 Waves converge on headlands due to wave refraction 47 Waves usually arrive nearly parallel to the shore because waves are refracted toward shallow water 48 What fault movement beneath the ocean is more likely to create a tsunami vertical or a horizontal movement A vertical movement is more likely to cause a tsunami This movement causes a sudden change in the entire water column Horizontal movements do not create water displacement 49 Worldwide where are the best locations for new wave farms windward western shores in areas that are particularly stormy and produce large waves 50 A disadvantage shared by wave solar and wind energy is that it is not available on demand and there currently is no viable way to store the energy 51 B still water level E trough A
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