INR Exam 2 Study Guide DEMOCRACY POST WAR PREDICTION Democracy was the product of nation state building in the Western world After the cold war the spread of the nation state leads to a spread of democracy The cold war brought 50 years of Bi polarity US USSR Post Cold War theorists Mearsheimer Realist argued that we would miss the stability of the Cold War Huntington saw the post cold war world as conflict ridden Hegel influenced Fukuyama viewed the world in a non materialistic he was looking ideas his works were ultimately overlooked because they came out before Marx 3 Components to Mankind 1 Desire for survival 2 Ability to reason 3 Desire for recognition drives us to competition in democracy it is recognized that we have rights this establishes value because states are equal and play a role in internal communication states don t need to compete if they are equal no more war Fukuyama Saw democracy as the ideal form of government bringing the end of history Expected that democracy would bring peach but was insecure about the banality of peace wrote a wildly misunderstood article The End of History end point of mans ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government Ideology moves beyond realism and liberalism to conservatism Constructivism the identity perspective not a formalized theory Fukuyama on Hegel Permanence of Ideals 1 Core of everything is ideas 2 Many lenses ideas determine everything else 3 Ideas shape political system Teleological History 1 Linear development 2 Historical linear process 3 Order is in the development of ideology 4 Brings us towards an ultimate end of liberal democracy Waves of Democracy Origin of Democracy First developed in the West 1700 1800s ends with expansion of empires in WWI End of WWII 1964 Empires and Europe Latin America adopt democracy Post Cold War Democracy has resurgence and spreads again satellite states elect democratic leaders Liberal Democracy Needed a political system to create order early on it was political domination Ideas keep developing to challenge domination system 1800s we see Socialism Marxism eventually we have Liberal democracy which was based on enlightenment ideas equality freedom liberty Liberal Democracy and Equality INR Exam 2 Study Guide Democratic form of GOV that recognizes protects peoples rights Need a limited government ensure freedoms and rights GOV must ensure the right to buy and sell individual role in economy Capitalism reinforces democracy wealthy content people lead to stable society Liberal democracy must be participatory free market capitalist Fukuyama Competing Ideologies 1 Liberal Democracy 2 Communism USSR 3 Fascism develops in interwar period These ideas compete in WWII Fascism looses Democracy vs Communism Communism fell Democracy wins Prevalence of democracy Fukuyama ultimate end to the search for ideal GOV Islamic and nationalism regimes remain but do not oppose democracy War No more large ideological wars we will have small scale war and power transition wars when countries come into democracy i e overthrowing dictators Teleological process that leads to democracy Modernization Theory Another explanation for Democracy Not everyone thinks democracy is the end of the ideological struggle Consider Democracy as a byproduct of democratization and development Democracy resulted from social cultural political change of the Industrial revolution Wealth equates to Democracy Industrialization Fundamentally transformed society new classes formed Societies Transformed Emergence of Bourgeoisie Proletariat Urbanization Education Civil Society Bourgeoisie upper middle class business people most important class Wealthy but did not have noble titles or lineage pressured the system to let them in Bourgeoisie were looking to overthrow government they wanted a role Proletariat man the industry Industrialization was a very bad time for workers They begin to demand rights Two new politicized classes who pressure government to let them in and work for them Industrialization leads to urbanization as workers flood into the city looking for jobs Urbanization Education Politicalizes the people power in numbers Education teaches people to think for themselves An informed population will have independent ideas about government leads to successful revolutions demand government response Growth of civil society Taking things out of the hands of aristocrats and the military and giving them to civil institutions Industrial revolution changed the civil society resulting in a change political structure INR Exam 2 Study Guide People demanded a voice the right to vote came about Democracies are the wealthiest powers top 20 Critiques of Modernization Theory How do you account for poor democratic countries What about wealthy non democratic countries China has the second largest economy in the world but they aren t democratized If development leads to democracy why is China not a democracy Critic s response Modernization and Industrialization started in Western world so the model is not applicable to non western regions Democratic Stability Theory Disagrees with modernization theory Fukuyama modernization is not requisite for democracy because it is an evolution of ideas Even though modernization wealth are not required they do help stabilize and strengthen Criticisms of Fukuyama His ideas about the world converging in democracy is not realistic because democracy is a western construct and it may not translate well in other cultures Not all cultures will come into with democracy Democratic Peace 3 Main Points 1 Democracies uphold peace if all of our needs are met we will not seek more o Democratization of the world is a goal of the west o Promotion of democracy is standard for US foreign policy o US constantly tries to develop sustainable democratic systems abroad o If we want to reduce conflict we must promote democracy o Statistical data backs this up 2 Democracies are not inherently aggressive o Less likely to get involved in militarized disputes o Hesitant to make threats of war o Democracies value peace 3 Best way to end the security dilemma is to make everyone a democracy o US wants more democracies world wide because they do not fight and they have strong trade o Trade occurs more freely because there is trust Democratic Peace According to IR Perspectives The crux of democratic peace theory democracies don t fight each other Identity Views Proponents of
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