OneNote Online Page 1 of 14 Exam 2 Study Guide Friday October 24 2014 4 15 AM 09 30 Democracy I Post Cold War Predictions 1 Mearsheimer stability it offered 2 Huntington 3 Fukuyama a Predicted post cold war conflict through the usually Realist viewpoint and said we would miss the a Also predicted conflict in the post cold war period but was concerned about a clash of civilizations a Optimistic about prospects of peace and moving forward i Looks at the spread of democracy ii Argues that with the end of the Cold War democracy had triumphed and said as we move forward democracy would spread to those states still living under non democracy iii Expects peace will prevail as democracy spreads iv Democracies don t fight each other so if all states are democracies then there is less of a 1 Wrote this book at the end of the 20th c when it looked like Democracy was on the reason to fear conflict rise II Waves of Democracy 1 3 Waves a 1st wave 1800s i Liberal ideas of enlightenment take hold in Europe Individual equality 1 2 Limited government 3 Voting rights b 2nd wave After WWII Latin America c 3rd wave Cold War period world i Democracy had taken hold in most Western European states and spread beyond Europe to ii A number of countries Brazil Chile Argentina their democracy fell i Democracy reemerges in Latin America Africa ii Gave champions of Democracy optimism and a hope that it would spread throughout the 1 With the triumph of democracy it is Fukuyama that labels it the end of history because we finally found a way to rule III Fukuyama s End of History Constructivist Approach which is an identity perspective Looks at ideas norms values identities and see them as what shapes our interactions and what drives us Tends to look forward instead of backwards Not predicting or talking about the end of the world he is looking at an ideological progression that he sees has come to its logical end This logical end is the triumph of liberal democracy Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher Hegel interprets history in a non materialistic way Was writing before Marx yet Marx gets much more attention 3 main components of mankind s make up We are most ZAconcerned with surviving and must meet our basic needs food and Survival water Ability to reason https onenote officeapps live com o onenoteframe aspx Fi SDCE2332E92E8F364E 97 10 28 2014 OneNote Online Page 2 of 14 Our ability to reason helps us to survive and figure out how to get food find shelter and clean water Innate spiritedness desire of recognition from others This component is the main one we are building off of Hegel says man seeks recognition but it is that desire for recognition that compels us to compete with each other Prestige is the end goal not power His view of history is a teleological view not random events He sees it as a clear logical progression linear development that has a starting point and Fukuyama looks at the story progression or middle of the story that has empires feudalism All of these represent different forms of rule or authority of one people dominating another Teleological History ending point slavery people Liberal Democracy Democracy comes out of the enlightenment time Recognizes the rights of the individual and is comprised of multiple different components Components of Liberal Democracy Concept of Equality We can t have a form of government that does not involve the consent of the people People have a voice and use that voice by voting Constraints on Government Has to acknowledge individual rights which are our freedoms Has to acknowledge our right to own private property Capitalism Having a free market economy that gives an individual opportunities Gives progress that hopefully everyone an benefit from Liberal democracy had challengers Communism Main challenger after WWII Did not survive and was discredited as a political ideology and productive economic system Fascism Was discredited and phased out after WWII Argues that democracy is a bi product of an economic development Economic and social changes that resulted in political changes and development transformed This destabilized political systems because of new socioeconomic classes Own means of production and usually middle class Didn t have privileges because they weren t apart of the political system so they put pressures on the government to have the right to say right to property Prior to industrial revolution there was nobility and peasants few people in between Fueled the industrial process Started to join unions wanted fair wages and working hours conditions Urbanization Cities before had relatively small populations People were leaving the farms rural areas and moving to the cities where there were jobs in the industries Increases communication between people V Critiques of Modernization Theory IV Modernization Theory Industrialization society Effect Societies Transformed Bourgeoisie middle class Proletariat working class Industrial workers https onenote officeapps live com o onenoteframe aspx Fi SDCE2332E92E8F364E 97 10 28 2014 OneNote Online Page 3 of 14 Modernization theory doesn t mesh with the identity perspective that Fukuyama is coming from Because modernization theory is doing and cause and effect relationship 10 02 Democratic Peace Democratic Stability Theory wealthy democracies are Wealth helps to create a civil society stability democracy Democratic Peace Theory Modernization doesn t cause democracy but contributes to the stability of democracy Poorer countries that have adopted democracy we find aren t quite as stable even though most Middle class usually drive the economy because they have the most to benefit from its wealth and The wealthier a state is the higher the costs of transition will be if it moves away from Democracies do not attack each other Two earliest democracies are USA and UK Even though they had disagreements they did not lead to war because they worked together We hold the value of peace that make us less likely to go to war Democracy is able to bring peace and decrease our security dilemma Democracies prefer each other for trade and diplomacy If democracies are less militaristic and uphold the value of peace then they are more likely to see peace prevail Democratic peace according to our IR persepctives Identity views Liberal views Because we have those common values it ties us together to create friendships and even trust The world can only gain from the continued spread of democracy Major
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