INS 3003 Exam 1 Review Lectures Readings Outlines Brandon Farling Intro To Realism Outline 1 12 2016 I Classical Realism Hans Morgenthau A Response to U S Idealism B Pursuit of Power real politik power politics II Neo Realism Kenneth Waltz dominant version A aka Structural Realism B Assumptions 1 States are rational unitary actors 2 States seek security 3 Anarchy C Balance of Power 1 Alliances 2 Bandwagoning 3 Balancing D Polarity 1 Uni polarity 2 Bi polarity 3 Multi polarity E Security Dilemma Prisoner s Dilemma Game Theory Relative Gains Zero Sum Absolute Gains Non Zero sum Intro to Realism Lecture Notes State the largest actor in the International system An independent and legitimate entity defined by its territorial border with sovereign power to conduct its own affairs Sovereignty a situation where a state possesses legal autonomy and can determine policy within its borders by its own authority it does not fall under the authority of any other power Sovereign states enjoy membership in the international political community Historical Intellectual Realists 1 Thucydides 2 Thomas Hobbers 3 Niccolo Machiavelli 4 Carl Von Clausewitz Dr Hans Morgenthau Politics Among Nations 1948 Classical Realism President Woodrow Wilson Architect of American Idealism Kenneth Waltz Theory of International Politics 1979 Neo Realism Waltz ensure the states security difference between the classics and structural A Classics believe that the state follows the leader B Structurals believe that the state follows the structure the role of the leader Assumptions 1 Realists do not care about the ideology of a state 2 States are concerned with individual survival 3 There is no global power that has authority over the states Best way to achieve peace is to have a balance of power Realists do not believe in fixed permanent alliances Power Configurations 1 Uni polarity one major power the world is currently uni polar 2 Bi polarity Cold war time U S and U S S R 3 Multi polarity Realists believe this is coming and may lead to war Realists believe that long term cooperation is extremely difficult because no one enforces it If Realists cooperate they cannot operate from a Relative Gains perspective Realists prefer short term alliances rather than collective security Realism and the Origins of Major Power Wars Outline 1 14 2016 WWI A Germany and the Security Dilemma B Balance of Power and Reasons for its Demise 1 Power Transition very like to see a war during this period 2 Russia and the Preventative War I II Interwar to WWII A Pyrrhic Victory B Balance of Power C League of Nations Japan Manchukuo Italy D Appeasement E Nazi Germany as a Revisionist State Mearshiemer s viewpoint III The Cold War Erupts Realism and the Origins of Major Power Wars Classical Realists states are driven to seek power Neo Realists states are to ensure their survival through security Realists expect states to balance and offset each other Realists will use diplomacy but believe it will not lead to peace Realists will not put their security into the hands of an International Organization Realists focus on the structure of the system Preventative War theory that Germany was seeking a preventative war to prevent Russia from passing Germany Pyrrhic victory won at such a cost it is not a victory e x France United Kingdom vs Germany League of Nation Challenges 1931 Japan looking to move into Manchuria quickly took over Japan renames Manchuria into Manchukuo 1935 Mussolini Italy invaded Ethiopia LoN applies little sanctions LoN eventually recognizes Italian conquest of Ethiopia 1938 Germany re arms Rhineland takes back Sudetenland Austria Munich Conference Mussolini Hitler Chamberlan Appeasement Britain France compromise appease trying to prevent war Realists believe that WWI left a vacuum empty for struggle of power Mearsheimer 1 We live in anarchy The Great Powers will possess offensive military capabilities and they are likely to use them against each other 2 States can never be certain about another states intentions 3 Survival is a primary goal 4 They are rational actors and as such they care constantly calculating how to ensure their own survival in anarchal system Major incentives for Great Powers to think and act offensively Motivated by fear of each other Believe they are in self help mode Seek to increase power for better security Liberals believe the LoN was undermined by U S A absence Germany epicenter of Cold War Big 3 Yalta Churchill FDR Stalin Feb 1945 WWII coming to end Big 3 Potsdam Atlee Truman Stalin July 1945 WWII is over Germany Berlin divided 1990 Ger reunifies Realism Outline 1 19 2016 I Nature of the Cold War A Suezz Canal Crisis 1 Nasser 2 Suez War 1956 3 Lessons we can learn II Cold War Deterrence B Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 Castro Khrushchev Kennedy A Weighting the Risks B Conventional vs Nuclear Weapons C D Nuclear Power and a Peaceful End to the Cold War Impact of Nuclear Deterrence III Ending the Cold War A Decline of Soviet Military Power Influence Economy B East Central Europe C The Fall IV Will We Miss the Cold War Quick Notes Mearsheimer hegemons do not like challengers Realists do not focus on ideology i e Democracy vs Communism 1 Bi polarity minimizing chances of major power war 2 Arms Race increases security dilemma Nuclear arms race decreases chance of war Nuclear war cannot be won 3 Proxy Wars fights along the periphery Realism Suez Canal Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis 1956 potential of turning into the hot war geography is crucial epicenter of conflict is Egypt 1950 s Egypt sees a change in leadership Gamal Abdel Nasser new president Aswan High Dam U S pulled funding for dam led to nationalization of Suez Canal Egypt recognized legitimacy of Peoples Republic of China U S was supporting Taiwan Nasser nationalized Suez Canal took control of canal and angered Britain France France was angry about Algeria colony attempting to rebel which may have been inspired by Egypt Soviet Union threatened to strike Great Britain U S had an automatic counter policy Cuban Missile Crisis 1959 1959 Fidel Castro established communist government Nikita Khrushchev sets up missiles Kennedy w McNamara U S S R needs to dismantle missiles USSR lost China as ally Deterrence aggressive alliances have faded away Russia s possession of nuclear weapons helped facilitate a peaceful end to the Cold War 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev a reformer but still a communist In favor of reforming economy and politics Gorbachev though Eastern satellite states
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