OCE 1001 Chapters 5 8 CHAPTER 5 The surface tension of water o Is relatively high The principal reason that oil and water do not mix even when shaken is that oil molecules o Are nonpolar whereas water molecules are polar The accompanying image depicts the three states of water and the processes by which water changes from one state to another Use this information to match the correct state to each of the statements below o The state of matter in which water is densest liquid liquid water o The state of matter in which water molecules are most energetic gas water o The state of matter which water is compressible gas water vapor o The state of matter of steam rising from a hot cup of coffee gas water vapor o The state of matter in which water molecules vibrate about fixed locations solid o The state of matter of frost on grass solid ice Examine the accompanying table Can you calculate how much less water is contained in saturated air at a polar location with a temperature of 10 C when compared to a tropical location with a temperature of 40 C Evaporation causes cooling in the liquid left behind The latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is the definition of o Calorie o Change in state Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0oC What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added o It remains constant until the ice melts and then it begins to rise vapor ice o 45 grams o True o True Of the following statements about water s latent heat and changes in state which is are true o In the solid state all water molecules are connected by weak hydrogen bonds o When water evaporates its latent heat of evaporation absorbs heat o In the vapor state there are no weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules o When water vapor condenses and forms a liquid its latent heat of condensation releases heat to the environment this is what powers hurricanes o Latent heat allows water to transfer energy from one place to another What must break in order for water to change from solid to liquid to gas o Hydrogen bonds between water molecules How much heat energy is needed to melt 1 gram of ice o 80 calories of heat energy Why does temperature NOT initially increase as energy is added after ice begins to melt o The added energy is used to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules What physically breaks hydrogen bonds between water molecules as ice melts o Movement of water molecules What do we call the energy used to melt ice once the ice becomes water How much heat energy is needed to turn 1 gram of water at 100 degrees Celsius into o Latent heat of water water vapor o 540 calories of heat energy How can water vapor become ice o Water vapor can become liquid water through the release of heat energy and then become ice through the release of more heat energy Water vapor can also become ice directly through the release of heat energy Consider a substance that has high heat capacity As compared to a substance with low heat capacity when an equal amount of heat is applied to both the high heat capacity substance will o Heat up much more slowly What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate differences in heat capacity o Balloons In the demonstration two objects were subjected to a flame from a lighter The object that was filled with air and the object that was filled with water What caused the object filled with water to respond the way it did when it was subjected o Exploded had no change to the flame o The water absorbed the heat away from the surface of the container Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances o False o True o False o 3 5 Independent of the actual salinity the ratios or proportions of the major dissolved constituents of seawater such as chloride sodium and magnesium are relatively constant The density of seawater is slightly lower than the density pure water The average salinity of typical seawater is Examine the five words and or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words phrases Please identify the word and or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern Enter only the letter of the answer caps no period and not the full entry in the field below o D hydrogen ion Which is the most abundant ion in seawater o Chloride Of the following statements about seawater salinity which is are true o Seawater salinity averages 3 5 o Seawater salinity averages 35 o The two most common dissolved components in seawater are sodium and Which process in the hydrologic cycle is most effective at increasing ocean salinity on a All the following processes decrease the salinity of water except All the following processes decrease seawater salinity except Of the following processes which INCREASES the salinity of seawater o The formation of sea ice o Evaporation Review the map and water samples Samples A and B were taken from the Atlantic Ocean from two different locations Samples C and D were taken from the Red Sea and the Baltic Sea Unfortunately the samples got mixed up in the lab We know A and B were from the Atlantic Ocean and C and D are from the seas but no one knows which locations Can you determine where each was sampled from based on salinity Label the samples accordingly Also note the two locations for seasonal sea ice melt and seawater freezing and label those for salinity chloride global scale o Evaporation o Evaporation o Evaporation o Locations that experience seasonal seawater freezing have increased salinity in the surrounding seawater during that time o Locations that experience seasonal ice melting have decreased salinity in the surrounding seawater during that time o Sample A Atlantic Ocean high salinity content Just east of the Bahamas o Sample B Atlantic Ocean Moderate to low salinity content off the west coast of Africa near the equator o Sample C High salinity content from the Red Sea o Sample D Moderate to low salinity content From the Baltic Sea Imagine you are swimming in the open ocean at a location near the equator Based on the following data can you determine how deep you would need to dive to reach a water temperature of 19 C o 550 meters How much of Earth s surface water exists in the oceans o Almost all of Earth s surface water exists in
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