09 30 14 Democracy 10 02 2014 end point of mankind ideological evolution and democracy as final 1st Wave 19th century Europe 2nd Wave post WWII Europe and all throughout Latin America After the Cold War 1 New security crisis and disaster Mersheimer 2 Clash of Civilization Huntington response to Fukyama 3 End of History Fukhayma form of human government new age of democratization and influence Waves of Democracy o Europe Spain and Italy 3rd Wave post Cold War o Latin America o Africa o Central Europe George Freidrich William Hegel 3 components o innate desire for survival o ability to reason o desire of recognition from others Identity perspective AKA constructivists Democracy political ideology History understood as the evolution of the dominant ideas over time Teleological Clear progression of idea until they reach their ultimate fulfillment Beginning Simple forms of social organization Systems of domination Empires Feudalism Slavery New Ideas Socialism Marxism Anarchism Liberal democracy Liberal Democracy The individual is the basis of all society 1 Democracy consent of governed 2 Limitation on political power 3 Market economy Clash of ideas over Conflict over material issues still possible Fukhayma Modernization Theory Economic development promotes democratization 1 Creation of the middle class 2 Creation of working class 3 urbanization o increased communication o concentrated population 4 Education 5 Civil society critiques o story of the West exceptions to modernization theory o China Identity perspective Democratic Stability 1 Civil society 2 Education 3 Opportunity 4 Higher cost to transition 10 02 2014 INR 3003 I Democratic Stability II Democratic Peace 3 Main Points III Democratic peace according to our IR perspectives IV How does Democracy Help Prevent War A Identify Views B Liberal Views C Realist Views A Public constraints B Democratic culture C Audience Costs V Are Democracies more peaceful VI Exceptions A Iran Mohd Mosaddegh 1953 Democratic Peace Component of American foreign Policy 1994 Bill Clinton State of the Union Adress President George W Bush 2003 London s Whitehall Palace after fall of Baghdad 1 Democracies don t fight each other ex U S and Britain haven t gone to war since 1812 Data suggest o Less likely to be involved in conflict 2 Democracy solves the security dilemma 3 Democracies prefer each other in trade and diplomacy has to do with find it easier to trust other democracies o democracies typically more transparent have more idea of what they will do help accountable by the people higher authorities don t completely control or have the most influence of gov t easier to lock in deals o once signing treaty harder to back out most go thru higher legislature similar in nature values norms o easier to trust in this aspect Reasons for Democratic Peace 1 Identity perspective shared common norms and values o how we identify threats 2 Liberal perspective complex interdepence b c intricately connected through trade and dependence o wealthier countries more trade trade dependent tend to belong to same IO s o follow same set of rules and laws o cooperation reducing conflict rely more on diplomacy 3 Realist perspective do not use their domestic set up to explain gov t form of gov t doesn t enter realist argument o not a factor if they are democratic ex Cold War explains why U S and Russia did not fight o bi polarity o example why gov t form doesn t matter ex El Salvado and Honduras o non democratic chief focus security not ideological affiliation do not believe democratization will bring peace General Argument Public constraints o Structure of democracies o Voters dictate actions of gov t Tend to not vote for war voters are the ones who fight Democratic culture o People support alternate forms of resolution o Sense certain things just and other things aren t o Generally resistant to be as seen as war starter Ex Today U S involving bombing Syria Not supported first Must have worthy reason for war to be supported Audience costs the population o Politicians held accountable and have costs when it comes to o Population demands transparency at home and abroad Makes democracies more trustworthy Questions raised about the analysis 1 How we measure war and democracy a democracy a continuum o based off yes or no answer o more or less a democracy o must have regular changes in gov t change in political parties b what exactly is a war o Based off number of combat troops o c but results robust o no matter how you measure results the same 100714 10 02 2014 Intro to Globalization Trade and Currency I What is Globalization 1 Increasing scale and speed of economic social political and cultural interrelations 2 Economic globalization refers to the stretching of economic interrelations across the globe A Wiarda and Steger refer to 2 B Thomas Friedman The World is Flat Globalization 1 0 2 0 3 0 o 1 0 1492 1800 age of mercantilism and colonialism size of world as a whole large to medium o 2 0 1800 1939 Pax Brattanica relative piece of Europe Size of world Medium to small o 3 0 1945 present size of world figuratively small to tiny flat world II Trade A Comparative Advantage efficiency specialization free trade o Goal is to increase global output while lowering costs of goods B Dependency strong take advantage of weak David Ricardo Wiarda Some benefits Need each other Good for small states C Complex Interedependence D Risks of Trade Vulnerability Ex U S and Mexico relations from Wiarda o Can suffer economic decline in other countries Comparative advantage o Jobs move when better options open Trade deficits o Balance of payments III Currency 1 Gold Standard values are constant 2 Money markets a demand side b supply side o uniqueness of money market o printing money o monetary policy B Fluctuations Demand and Supply Rising currency makes o imports cheaper o exports more expensive C Economic Input of Currency Fluctuations D Reserve Currencies Fluctuations in their currencies Creates instability and volatility 100914 Gold Standard and Bretton Woods 10 02 2014 I Classical Gold Standard II Disruption WWI and the Great Depression A Rigidity of the Gold Standard B Beggar Thy Neighbor Protectionism III The US Steps Up IV A New Economic Order Dollar Gold Standard V UN Monetary and Financial Conference Bretton Woods 1944 A Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes B 4 Agreements Institutions o 1 Dollar Gold Standard o 2 International Monetary Fund IMF o 3 International Bank for Reconstruction
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