Introduction to International Affairs Exam 2 Study Guide Outlines Lectures and Assigned Readings Brandon Farling 3 17 2016 INS 3003 Dr Whitney Bendeck Democracy Outline 2 10 2016 I Post Cold War Predictions Meirsheimer Huntington Fukuyama Waves of Democracy Fukuyama s End of History a Hegel b Preeminence of Ideas Fukuyama s emphasis c Teleological History Linear Process d Liberal Democracy II III III Another explanation for Democracy Modernization Theory a b Societies Transformed Industrialization Emergence of Bourgeoisie Proletariat Urbanization Education c Democracy Prevails d Critiques of Modernization Theory IV Democratic Stability Theory Nation State System started in Europe also started democracy Democracy 1 Meirsheimer believed Europe would break into chaos due to the multi polar system 2 Huntington believed that there would be a clash of civilizations 3 Liberals believed there would be increased peace and cooperation 4 Fukuyama focus on liberal democracy End of History provocative book a b c views evolution through lens of ideas on political government looks for perfect government Liberal Democracy is the best way democracy spread from 1978 Democracy Waves 1 Western Countries 2 Post WWII 3 End of Cold War Old USSR satellite states End of History the end point of mankind s ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government Fukuyama is put into constructivism category emphasis on ideas norms values Built his ideas off of German philosopher George Hagel George Hagel Hagel views world on ideas and spiritedness instead of materialism Mans Motivation A Innate desire for survival B Ability to reason C Innate spiritedness desires recognition leads us into competition desire to compete has led countries into conflict Democracy recognizes all people equal goes back to the Enlightenment Democracy is less warlike and brings stabilization by ending competition Preeminence of Ideas Fukuyama s emphasis Ideas create political systems and economies These ideas also lead countries into conflict Teleological History we have taken a linear path that has led us to liberal democracy find systems of dominance empires feudalism colonialism influx of ideas in the 1900 s Marxism Democracy Anarchists Democracy Liberal Democracy individuals are core of society Citizens should have a role fundamentally equal government works for the people we accept the rules and laws if a democracy government has to respect individual rights Must recognize the right to own individual property capitalism goes with democracy everybody can participate the wealth generated from free market reinforces democracy 2 majors challenges to democracy communism fascism Communism still in existence Fascism WWII exposed and discredited fascism Democracy was considered the strongest form of government because it granted equality As democracy expands ideological influence shrinks Modernization Theory argues that democracy is the bi product of an industrialized and modernized world modernization transformed society and de stabilized old political system Industrialization two new classes 1 Bourgeoisie own the means of production want to put pressure on the system 2 Proletariat drive the revolution through labor proletariat became politicized both classes exerted power to force the government to work for the people A Urbanization occurred when people left agriculture for industry jobs Helps people find an identity Helps people with mobilization B Education in order to modernize you need an educated population to continue to move forward Intelegincia intelligent people C Civil Society protecting your individual rights Forcing government to give people voices Democracy is a bi product of modernization and led to rights Democratic Stability Theory modernization and wealth help to reinforce democracy and democratic values Democratic Peace Outline 2 17 2016 I II III IV V VI Democratic Stability Democratic Peace 3 main points Democratic Peace according to our IR perspectives A Identity Views B Liberal Views C Realist Views How does democracy prevent war A Public constraints B Democratic culture C Audience Costs Are democracies more peaceful Exceptions A B Guatemala Jacob Arbenz 1954 Iran Mohd Mosaddegh 1953 Democratic Peace Democracy sees states and people as equals As democracy expands peace will expand Democracy is reinforced by capitalism everyone gets a chance Fukuyama is criticized for being to friendly with the West U S President Bill Clinton The best strategy to ensure our security and to build a durable peace is to support the advance of democracy everywhere Democracies do not attack other They make better trading partners and partners in diplomacy 1994 State of the Union Democracy Main Points A Democracies do not attack each other B Democracy is the solution to the security dilemma C Democracies make better trade partners and diplomacy partners Identity Perspective all about norms values and ideas huge proponents of democracy democracies share the same ideology Democratization leads to peace Liberal Perspective focused on the institutions democratic countries are apart of the ruling institutions everybody focuses on shared dependence complex interdependence reinforces cooperation democracies tend to follow the rule of law democracies rely on diplomacy democratization leads to peace Realist Perspective democracy is not a guarantee of peace realists are focused on the state and the states interest How does democracy help prevent war A Public Constraints a democratic country is dependent on the democratic people voting B Democratic Culture voters will reject unjust war ex Territory expansion C Audience Cost public constraints and democratic culture audience cost reputation leader drives reputation Are democracies peaceful Democracies will not go to war with other democracies Transitioning to a democracy is very bloody Democracies will go to war with countries that are not democracies Democratic Peace Exceptions A Iran Mohd Mosaddegh 1951 1953 before Iranian revolution Iran was a democracy Mohd Mosaddegh becomes new prime minister nationalizes the oil industry Nationalism is the first step towards communism U S attempted a military coup U S worked in covert operation against Iran CIA spread propaganda and fostered dissent within the military against the government Shaw removed the PM Mosaddegh from power and the government turned into a authoritarian monarch B Guatemala
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