OCEANOGRAPHY STUDY GUIDE FOR EXAM 3 1 In the early earth s atmosphere the concentration of was much lower than in today s atmosphere a Water vapor b Methane c Carbon dioxide d Oxygen CORRECT ANSWER D Evidence of build up of O2 during proliferation of stromatolites 2 is an important component of today s atmosphere and was critical to the evolution of life on land because it blocks incoming UV radiation from sunlight a Ozone O3 b Hydrocarbons c CFCs d Neon Ne CORRECT ANSWER A Shields against UV radiation allowing organisms to live on land Water protected them before 3 What was the importance of Miller and Urey s experiment a They showed how abundant photosynthetic bacteria are in the world s oceans b They developed the Azoic Theory that life could not exist in the oceans below 500m c They demonstrated how organic molecules could have been produced from materials and processes present on the early earth d They showed that mice could spontaneously generate from old clothes and wheat CORRECT ANSWER C The building blocks of life amino acids could be formed from the materials and processes present on the early earth 4 The earliest microfossils found in the fossil record are dated to approximately a 3 5 billion years ago b 10 million years ago c 3 5 million years ago d microfossils aren t fossilized CORRECT ANSWER A 5 The first organisms were most likely a Heterotrophs b Land plants c Herbivores d Parasites CORRECT ANSWER A Means other nourishment They had to eat simple organic molecules formed from abiotic synthesis 6 Heterotroph means a Organisms that can make food using sunlight energy b Organisms that have to eat organic matter to obtain energy c bad nourishment d Organisms that cook their food in the heat from hydrothermal vents CORRECT ANSWER B a Autotrophs b c Correct meaning of Hetrotrop means different nourishment d 7 Which of the following best describes autotrophs a Obligate parasites b Only live deep underground c Organisms that have to eat organic matter to obtain energy d Organisms that can make food using sunlight or chemical energy CORRECT ANSWER C Produce their own food 8 Photosynthetic organisms are a Organisms that can make food using sunlight energy b extinct c Organisms that must eat organic matter to obtain energy d From another planet CORRECT ANSWER A Photosynthesis is a reaction in which energy from the sun is stored in organic molecules Plant cells capture light energy and store is as sugars 9 Anaerobic a means without air b is a Phylum of segmented worms c means breathing d An organisms with a silicate shell or test CORRECT ANSWER A 10 Respiration means a means without air b is a Phylum of segmented worms c means breathing d An organisms with a silicate shell or test CORRECT ANSWER C Opposite of photosynthesis CH2O O2 CO2 H2O 11 Which of the following reactions represents oxygenic photosynthesis a CH2O O2 CO2 H2O b CO2 H2S CH2o SO H2O c CO2 H2O CH2O O2 d H2O CO2 H2CO3 CORRECT ANSWER C Carbon dioxide water sugar oxygen The sugar is the organic matter 12 Approximately how much of the organic matter produced in the surface waters euphotic zone sinks and reaches the seafloor before it is eaten or decomposed a All b 1 c 25 d 50 CORRECT ANSWER B 10 of the organic matter produced in the euphotic zone drops to the deeper water where all about 1 is decomposed 13 What limits deep sea biomass a Pressure b Cold temperatures c Food availability d Predators CORRECT ANSWER C Light is only present to 100m so there is limited food availability below that 14 There are known species on earth and of those are marine a 600 million 50 million b 1 75 million 250 000 c 12 million 10 million d 30 million 5 million CORRECT ANSWER B 15 means pertaining to the open ocean a Benthic b Anoxic c Pelagic d Pycnocline CORRECT ANSWER C 16 means pertaining to the ocean floor a Benthic b Anoxic c Pelagic d Pycnocline CORRECT ANSWER A 17 Some phytoplankton species have evolved large and or feathery appendages to increase their surface area This represents one example of an adaptation to a Physical support or buoyancy b Very cold water c Avoid being eaten by predators d Capture prey more efficiently Introduction to Oceanography CORRECT ANSWER A Some phytoplankton species are more dense than the ocean water and have less surface area so must adapt to stay on the surface where all the nutrients are 18 Viscosity is a A special case of diffusion b When the concentration of salts is different inside a cell than in the external environment c A net transfer of water molecules through a semi permeable membrane d Resistance to flow CORRECT ANSWER D Viscosity is a property of a substance to offer resistance to flow caused by internal friction If you float something on highly viscous fluid it will take longer to sink than low viscosity warm fluid 19 Isothermal means a Zone of rapidly changing temperature b Zone of rapidly changing density c same temperature d The concentration of salts inside the cell is equal to the concentration of salts in the external environment CORRECT ANSWER C Isothermal means density and temperature change very little 20 The following picture represents a cell that is relative to its environment a Isotonic b balanced c Hypotonic d oversaturated CORRECT ANSWER C Hypotonic lower salinity than surrounding water Hypertonic higher salinity than surrounding water Isotonic equal salinity to surrounding water 21 Freshwater fish are relative to their environment a Isotonic b Hypertonic c balanced d oversaturated CORRECT ANSWER B Do not drink cells absorb salt large volume of dilute urine 22 Countershading refers to which of the following adaptations a Dark coloration on top with lighter coloration on the bottom b Parasites hiding on a larger fish c The use of bold colors to blend in with the environment d The way cuttlefish chromatophores appear to ripple mimicking sunlight filtering through the water CORRECT ANSWER A Think of Sharks 23 Plankton are organisms that a Swim strongly b Cannot control their horizontal position in the water column c Are obligate parasites d Can tolerate anoxic conditions CORRECT ANSWER B Floaters or wanderers and drift with the ocean current 24 Thermocline means a Zone of rapidly changing temperature b Zone of rapidly changing density c same temperature d The concentration of salts inside the cell is equal to the concentration of salts in the external environment CORRECT ANSWER A 25 Nekton are organisms that a Swim strongly b Swim only weakly and cannot control
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