STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2 QUIZ QUESTIONS Chapter 8A Sections 8 0 8 4 1 What are the primary factors that determine wave height Wind speed length of time wind blows in one direction and fetch 2 If you have two deep water waved with periods of 5 and 10 seconds what can you say about their speeds The longer period will have greater speed 3 Where would it be most likely that you would find internal waves in the ocean At the pycnocline 4 What is the difference between longitudinal waves and transverse waves Transverse waves described a wave with oscillations that are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels UP AND DOWN Longitudinal waves describes a wave with oscillations that are in the same direction that the wave travels BACK AND FORTH CHAPTER 8B 8 5 8 7 5 Why do tsunami waves always behave as shallow water waves Wavelengths are long enough that anywhere in the ocean the water depth is less than half of the wavelength 6 What causes tsunamis Earthquakes Submarine Landslides Large meteor impacts Volcanic eruptions Which of the following is NOT a cause for tsunamis Lunar tides 7 Why does wave height increase in shallow water Wave orbital motion is constricted by the seabottom 8 What is wave reflection A vertical barrier such as a sea wall or a rock ledge can reflect waves back into the ocean with little loss of energy 9 What is wave refraction When a segment of the waves feel bottom first and slow before the rest of the wave the breaking up or bending of each wave crest as waves approach the shore 10 How are standing waves formed When waves are reflected at right angles to a barrier The sum of two waves with the same wavelength moving in opposite directions resulting in no net movement 11 How does the tsunami warning system in the Pacific ocean work Uses seismic waves to forecast destructive tsunami Also sensitive pressure sensors on the deep ocean floor of the Pacific 12 What are the 3 types of breakers and how are they generated Spilling breakers if waves break on a relatively flat surface turbulent mass of air and water that runs down the front slope of the wave as it breaks Low over all energy lasts longer Plunging breakers curling crest that moves over an air pocket Crest outruns wave Surging breakers When the ocean bottom has an abrupt slope the wave energy is compressed into a shorter distance and the wave will surge forward CHAPTER 9 12 If the Moon had an iron core what would happen to lunar tides The tides would get larger because the Moon is more massive 13 The lunar tidal bulge has a period of 12 hours and 25 minutes but the solar tidal bulge period is 12 hours Why the difference The Moon moves around Earth in its orbit 14 If you are in a boat in an estuary when will tidal currents going out to sea be strongest Halfway between high tide and low tide 15 Why are spring tides highest when the Moon is near perigee The Moon is closer to the Earth so gravitational force is greater 16 If a point on the coast experiences a semi diurnal tide what does the daily tide record show Two nearly equal high tides and two nearly equal low tides each day 17 The tide is sweeping across the ocean toward land The continental shelf is significantly wider at one location than another farther down the coast What will happen to the tide at the location where the shelf is wider The tide will be retarded 18 In the absence of friction and other complicating factors where would the maximum ideal lunar tide occur Ch 9 Section Tidal Bulges the Moon s Effect At 2 points directly beneath the Moon and opposite the Moon The Moon and the Sun are lined up 19 What are the different types of tidal patterns Diural semidiurnal and mixed tidal patterns All of the following are tidal patterns except for triurnal tidal patterns 20 How can tidal power be harnessed Trapping water behind coastal barriers in bays and estuaries AND allowing tidal currents to pass through narrow channels to turn turbines CHAPTER 10A 21 In winter sand from some beaches disappears Where does it go Winter wave action moves the sand offshore into bars located just below the wave base 22 Longshore current generally flows in which direction s along the coasts of the United States Southward along both coasts 23 What is eustatic sea level change and what are some examples Examples Changes in global temp seafloor spreading rate Formation of continental glaciers and icecaps and dessication of an ocean basin which of the following mechanisms of sea level change is NOT eustatic Glacial isostatic subsidence and rebound 24 If you are at the beach and blunder into a rip current how do you get out Swim perpendicular to the current until you are out usually parallel to shore 25 What would happen to a river delta if damming reduced the amount of sediment in the river The delta would erode and subside below sea level 26 What would happen to longshore transport along the coast if rivers on the coast were dammed trapping sand behind the dams The longshore transport would become less CHAPTER 10B 27 What is eustatic sea level change and what are some examples Ch 10 Section Changes in Sea Level Examples Changes in global temperature Changes in seafloor spreading rate Formation of continental glaciers and ice caps Dessication of an ocean basin WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MECHANISMS OF SEA LEVEL CHANGE IS NOT EUSTATIC Glacial isostatic subsidence and rebound 28 What is the purpose of hard stabilization Ch 10 Section What is Hard Stabilization To protect a coast from erosion 29 Describe 3 alternatives to hard stabilization Ch 10 Section What Alternatives to Hard Stabilization Exist An alternative to hard stabilization is Beach nourishment it replaces lost sediment to the beach rather than creating a protective structure 30 Describe 4 examples of hard stabilization Ch 10 Section What is Hard Stabilization CHAPTER 11 31 What is the defining characteristic of an estuary A partly enclosed body of water in which salinity is dictated by mixing of fresh water runoff and ocean water 32 What is the most common type of estuary on the U S East and Gulf coasts Coastal plain estuary a k a drowned river valley 33 In general what is the most common thing to happen when fresh water runoff meets ocean water in an estuary Fresh water forms a layer on top of a layer of salt water at the bottom 34 What causes the basal waters in some estuaries to become anoxic Formation of a strong pycnocline limits circulation and decay of sinking organic matter promotes respiration depleting bottom
View Full Document
Unlocking...