O c e a n o g r a p h y T E S T 1 S T U D Y G U I D E Chapter 1 A 71 A Pacific A TRUE A TRUE 1 Approximately what percentage of the Earth s surface is covered by water 2 Which ocean is the DEEPEST Ocean on Earth 3 The deepest spot in the ocean is deeper than Mount Everest is high 4 All continents could fit into the space occupied by the Pacific Ocean 5 Based on scientific method science supports the explanation of the natural world that A Based explains all available observations 6 The Age of Discovery was the time period in ocean exploration history when A the Western European world realized the vastness of Earth s water covered surface 7 Who began the voyage of the Victoria the first vessel known to circumnavigate the Earth 8 The GPS system is a tool used for determining surface A Ferdinand Magellan A location 9 The most accurate scientific estimation of Earth s age is based on A Radiometric methods of determining the age of rocks 10 The cosmological model for the formation of the Sun and the rest of our solar system is called the A Nebular hypothesis A 4 billion years ago 11 The oceans are believed to have formed about by a process called outgassing A True 13 This statement about density is FALSE 12 The early oceans and atmosphere are thought to have come from inside Earth and were formed A Density stratification has caused our Earth to be homogenous throughout 14 What best describes the physical property of the asthenosphere 15 What physical property determines the order of Earth s layers 16 The vertical movement of crust to accommodate additional weight or removal of weight is A Plastic A Density called A Isotactic adjustment A oxygen 17 What gasses was not abundant from Earth s early atmosphere 18 The naturalist Charles Darwin who is credited with developing the theory of evolution by natural selection suggested that the changes organisms display through time were the result of A adaptations to different environmental conditions 19 What did Stanley Miller s 1952 experiment demonstrate A Organic molecules could be created from the material contained in Earth s early atmosphere and ocean 20 The subdivisions of the geological time scale A Were initially based on fossil evidence extinctions and boundaries of sedimentary rock units 21 What events occurred during the Age of Discovery A Ferdinand s crew completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth Christopher Columbus made several trips across the Atlantic and discovered a New World 22 A scientific observation is one that can be made with the senses Example A Waves are seen to approach the beach at an angle 23 What is the principle goal of science A To explain the causes and effects of observable natural phenomena 24 Statements about density stratified Earth A Molten material will rise if it is less dense than the surrounding material Molten material will sink if it is more dense than the surrounding material Earth is layered based on density with the highest density material located at the deepest depths beneath Earth s surface 25 Earth s internal structure A The lithosphere of the Earth is made of both mantle and crust Earth s internal layers can be described by their composition physical properties 26 Asthenosphere 27 Earth s Crust A The asthenosphere is a plastic layer that extends from the base of the lithosphere to a depth of about 700 kilometers 430 miles The asthenosphere is very hot and contains areas of partially molten rock A Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust Continental crust is made of rock that is relatively light in color 28 Density Stratification A Outgassing is a direct result of density stratification Density stratification has caused Earth s internal structure to be layered Density stratification has caused the highest density material to be found at Earth s core The origin of Earth s oceans and atmosphere are a result of density stratification 29 Based on the concept of isotactic adjustment which of the following would result in the uplift of Earth s surface A lithosphere that was thickened by mountain building lithosphere that was heated by hot asthenosphere lithosphere that was less dense 30 Which of the following ideas about the development of life on Earth make scientific sense A The prebiotic soup of the primitive oceans provided a likely environment for life to develop Early organisms likely evolved into more complex organisms Primitive life likely existed without the need for oxygen As life developed on Earth it began to significantly change Earth s environment Chapter 2 1 What was the main reason scientists objected to Alfred Wegener s idea of continental drift A Wegener s proposed mechanism for movement was thought to violate the laws of physics 2 As a tool paleomagnetism is a piece of modern evidence that has helped support plate tectonics by showing that A magnetic sea floor stripes are symmetric with respect to the mid ocean ridge 3 The East Pacific Rise is associated with which type of plate boundary A divergent 4 How is it that the floor of the ocean is so much younger than the ocean itself A The ocean floor keeps regenerating itself 5 Plate boundaries where new oceanic crust is being added are called 6 The faster the rate of spreading at the mid ocean ridge or rise the the underwater A divergent boundaries volcanic mountain range A broader wider A TRUE 7 Most lithospheric plates contain both oceanic and continental crust 8 The Hawaiian Islands are associated with which type of plate boundary 9 A Hawaiian islands not associated with any type of plate boundary In general where would the youngest ocean floor be found A at the mid ocean ridge 10 What happens when an oceanic and a continental plate converge A the oceanic plate will be subducted 11 What happens when two continental plates converge A neither subducts rather a mountain range forms 12 Your job is to locate the world s plate boundaries To do this you may use only one map The best map to choose for this job is a map that shows the worldwide locations of A earthquakes 13 Which of the following is associated with a subduction zone A a volcanic arc 14 How much wider is the Atlantic Ocean today than when Christopher Columbus sailed Assume that the Atlantic Ocean is getting wider at a rate of 3 centimeters per year about 1 inch Round off the dates to the nearest century to make the calculation simpler A 15 meters about 49 feet 15 An ocean trench is associated with which type of plate boundary A convergent 16 The San
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