OCE1001 Test 2 Study Guide Chapter 5 Question 1 In an atom the nucleus is composed of and and the orbit very quickly around the nucleus Answer Selected Answer protons neutrons electrons What accounts for all the unique properties of water Answer Selected Answer Its unique geometry causes the water molecule to have a resulting electrical polarity 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points Which type of bond holds adjacent water molecules together Answer Selected Answer hydrogen bond Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 1 out of 1 points Each hydrogen atom shares its single electron with electrons in the oxygen atom Which type of bond is this Answer Selected Answer covalent bond Question 5 1 out of 1 points The fact that ice is less dense than water which causes ice to float is due to Answer Selected Answer the molecular packing of bulky ice crystals In the open ocean average seawater salinity is Answer Selected Answer 35 Question 6 Question 7 Most processes that affect the ocean s salinity occur Answer 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points The Red Sea has water because of large amounts of Answer Selected Answer hypersaline evaporation Selected Answer at the ocean surface Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 The Baltic Sea has because of Answer Selected Answer brackish water large amounts of runoff Where is the salinity of ocean surface waters HIGHEST Answer Selected Answer about 25 degrees north or south of the equator 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points There is no pycnocline in latitude regions because Answer Selected Answer high the water column is uniformly cold and dense In water vapor there is no interconnectedness of individual water molecules no hydro gen bonds Answer Selected Answer True Latent heat can be absorbed or released only as water undergoes the process of chang ing state e g as water changes from a liquid to a solid Answer Selected Answer True 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points The heat capacity of water is lower than that of most other substances Answer Selected Answer False Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 In the high latitudes there is a prominent and well developed thermocline Answer Selected Answer False Which of the following INCREASES the salinity of seawater Answer Selected Answer evaporation of seawater Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Which of the following terms describes a rapid change in salinity with depth Answer Selected Answer Halocline 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points The density of seawater increases with in temperature and in salin ity Answer Selected Answer a decrease an increase A layer of rapid change of ocean density with depth is called a Answer Selected Answer Pycnocline Question 19 Question 20 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points The process of purifying seawater by removing most of its dissolved substances is called Answer Selected Answer Desalination Question 1 5 out of 5 points Of the following properties of water which is are caused by the unusual geometry of water molecules Answer Selected Answers Water has cohesion and surface tension Snowflakes form six sided crystals Water molecules form hydrogen bonds Water has the ability to dissolve just about anything Water molecules have polarity Question 2 5 out of 5 points Of the following statements about water s latent heat and changes in state which is are true Answer Selected Answers heat When water evaporates its latent heat of evaporation absorbs Latent heat allows water to transfer energy from one place to another In the vapor state there are no weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules When water vapor condenses and forms a liquid its latent heat of condensation re leases heat to the environment this is what powers hurricanes In the solid state all water molecules are connected by weak hydrogen bonds Question 3 4 out of 4 points Of the following statements about the density of freshwater and the formation of ice which is are true Answer Selected Answers Ice is less dense than liquid water which is why ice floats As the temperature of water decreases from 4 C to 0 C its density decreases Water at 2 C is less dense than it is at 4 C Water s maximum density is at 4 C Question 4 3 out of 3 points Of the following statements about seawater salinity which is are true Answer Selected Answers Seawater salinity averages 35 The two most common dissolved components in seawater are sodium and chloride Seawater salinity averages 3 5 Question 5 2 out of 2 points Which of the following techniques can be used to measure the salinity of seawater Answer Selected Answers Pass electrical current through the water Evaporate the water sample and weigh the amount of solids that precipitate out Question 6 4 out of 4 points Of the following statements about seawater properties in high and low latitudes which is are true Answer Selected Answers There is a thermocline in low latitudes There is a halocline in low latitudes There is a halocline in high latitudes There is a pycnocline in low latitudes Question 7 2 out of 2 points Of the following statements about the density of seawater which is are true Answer Selected Answers An increase in salinity increases seawater density A decrease in temperature increases seawater density Question 8 2 out of 2 points Of the following processes which INCREASES the salinity of seawater Answer Selected Answers the formation of sea ice Evaporation Question 9 3 out of 3 points Of the following statements about the pH of seawater which is are true Answer Selected Answers ocean from getting too acidic or too alkaline In a natural state the carbonate buffering system protects the The pH of seawater averages about 8 1 and ranges from about 8 0 to 8 3 Additional carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is getting into the ocean over whelming the natural carbonate buffering system Question 10 4 out of 4 points If you were an explorer stranded in the Arctic Ocean what method s could you use for creating fresh drinking water Answer Selected Answers Heat sea ice that formed a long time ago Boil sea water catch and condense the water vapor Catch and melt fresh falling snow Take seawater and freeze and melt it several times to purify it Chapter 6 Question 1 1 out of 1 points What is the primary reason that Earth has seasons Answer Selected Answer Earth s rotational axis is tilted The tilt of Earth s axis of rotation with respect to the ecliptic is Answer Selected
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