LECTURE 1 1 What are the 3 domains of life a Kingdom phylum class b c Bacteria eukarya Archaea d None of the above 2 What marine organism represents the vast majority of the ocean s biomass a Plankton b Sea cucumbers c d Fish e Crustaceans Shrimp a Bacterioplankton b Autotrophic c Heterotrophic d None of the above a Virioplankton b Holoplankton c Macroplankton d Meroplankton 3 Plankton are organisms that float Why is a copepod which can swim and propel itself through water classified as plankton a b c d It lives at the surface of the ocean where plankton live It was classified as plankton before it was known that copepods are swimmers It has a swim bladder that keeps in from sinking so it is a floater It spends part of its life floating and part swimming so it is classified as plankton because of the floating part e Because of its small size it cannot swim very fast or very far so its location is determined by currents 4 Organisms that can photosynthesize and produce their own food are known as what 5 Organisms that only spend part of their life cycle as plankton are referred to as what 6 What are nektobenthos a Free floating marine organisms b Organisms that cannot swim c Organisms that live on the bottom but can swim or crawl through water d Both A and B 7 What is the primary factor that limits life on the deep ocean floor a There is too much sand b Not enough fresh water c d Sparse food supply It s too cold 8 Of Earth s total number of species why are the fewest in the marine pelagic realm a There is more area on land for different species b Uniform conditions in the pelagic realm make fewer specialized environments for organism adaptation as different species c Organism need a hard substrate either land or sea bottom in order to evolve into different species pelagic environment d Evolution of differing species is triggered by extinction but extinction is rare in the e The pelagic realm contains the photic zone and solar radiation in the photic zone suppresses the number of new species that evolve 9 Why is the surface area to volume ratio important for phytoplankton a A smaller ratio provides higher resistance to sinking and less energy used to stay afloat b A larger ratio provides higher resistance to sinking and less energy used to stay afloat c The ratio is not important to phytoplankton d None of the above 10 Why do most fish and marine mammals have the same torpedo like streamlined shape a A streamlined shape presents a greater surface area to volume ratio which allows b easier regulation of internal heat If you are going to move through a substance like water it is necessary to have a head and eyes at one end and a tail at the other Streamlining looks better to the opposite sex so it leads to greater reproduction c d The streamlined shape minimizes energy expended to move through water e They can swim faster with streamlined shapes 1 Freshwater fish are isotonic hypertonic or hypotonic relative to their environment LECTURE 2 Isotonic a b Hypertonic c Hypotonic 2 Most fresh water fish are hypertonic meaning their body cells contain more salt than the surrounding water Since osmosis should push water into their cells why don t they explode a They urinate a lot so the water does not build up b They don t drink any water since they get so much from osmosis c Their cells have adapted to absorb salt d They have adapted to live with high osmotic pressure e All of the above 3 What are the reasons the ocean has a smaller daily seasonal and annual temperature range than that experienced on land a Water has greater heat capacity than land so the ocean does not heat up as fast b Warming of the ocean is reduced by evaporation getting rid of excess heat c Radiation from the sun can penetrate deep into the water distributing its energy throughout a very large mass d Water has good mixing mechanisms that allow heat from one area to be transported to other areas e All of the above 4 What is the definition of eurythermal a Organisms that cannot withstand large changes in temperature b Organisms that cannot withstand large changes in salinity c Organisms that can tolerate large changes in temperature d Organisms that can tolerate large changes in salinity 5 How does water pressure change with depth a Pressure decreases with depth b Pressure stays the same at any depth c Pressure increases with depth 6 What is the euphotic zone a The zone where there is enough oxygen for life to exist b The zone where there is no light c The zone where there is a nutrient maximum d The zone where there is enough light to support photosynthesis 7 What is the primary difference between pelagic environment zones beneath the euphotic Increasing pressure with increasing depth zone a b Decreasing oxygen with increasing depth c Decreasing light with increasing depth d e Decreasing food abundance with increasing depth Increase in salinity with decreasing temperature 8 What are the biozones of the oceanic province a Bathyal abyssal hadal b Littoral and sublittoral c Epipelagic mesopelagic bathypelagic abyssopelagic d Euphotic diphotic aphotic 9 What is the neritic province a The zone just above the continental slope b The zone with water depths between 200 and 4000 meters c The zone that contains the minimum oxygen layer d The zone with water depths less than 200 meters 10 What is the deepest zone of the suboceanic province a Sublittoral b Abyssal c Hadal d Bathyal LECTURE 3 1 Biological oceanographers talk about biomass frequently Just what is biomass a The amount of organisms produced in a given time b The total weight of protoplasm contained in a given organism c The total mass of all organisms of a given class d The total number of organisms within a given class e The total number of organisms within a given class divided by the total weight of those organisms caught in a net 2 What is the difference between gross primary productivity and net primary productivity a Net productivity is the amount of organic material from photo synthesizers that can be b Gross productivity is the amount of organic carbon created by photosynthesis per unit of time and net productivity is the gross minus the amount of organic carbon consumed by the photo synthesizers c Gross productivity is the total amount of organic carbon produced during a day but net productivity is the amount left over after predation by grazing organisms d Gross productivity is the amount of organic matter created in a unit of time and net productivity is
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