Study Guide Ch 11 12 Ch 11 Test Your Knowledge 1 The Law of the Sea Treaty provides for all of the following EXCEPT The right of any nation to dump plastic trash at sea 2 Runoff flowing into coastal waters can produce all of the following EXCEPT Dry offshore winds 3 Which of the following is an example of a coastal plain estuary Chesapeake Bay 4 A fjord is a type of estuary that was created by Submergence of a glacially carved valley 5 Of the following types of estuaries which one has the best developed estuarine circulation pattern A highly stratified estuary 6 Which of the following statements about Mediterranean Intermediate Water is FALSE It is composed of low salinity water 7 Which of the following statements about coastal wetlands is FALSE Coastal wetlands have very low productivities 8 Mangroves grow in latitudes as high as 65 degrees north or south of the equator False 9 By law storm drains now divert flow into treatment facilities not to the ocean as they once did False 10 Toxins often accumulate and concentrate from organism to organism up marine food chains True 11 Although the effects of DDT on the environment were devastating they have long since disappeared False 12 It is still legal to dump raw sewage into the ocean in the United States False 13 Non point pollution includes large oil spills caused by ocean tankers False 14 Based the World Health Organization s definition of marine pollution all of the following would be considered pollution provided that the item results in harmful effects EXCEPT natural pollution such as piles of dead seaweed at the beach 15 The standard laboratory bioassay is used to determine The concentration of a pollutant in the water 16 Minamata disease is caused by eating fish contaminated with Mercury 17 Years after the oil spill from Exxon Valdez ecologic recovery has largely taken place because Most substances that comprise oil are naturally biodegradable 18 Bioremediation Is a method of oil cleanup that uses microbes to break down oil 19 Other than the oil spilled intentionally by the Iraqi army during their invasion of Kuwait in 1991 the world s largest oil spill was from The blowout of the Ixtoc 1 oil well in the Bay of Campeche Mexico 1979 20 What is the source of the majority of human caused marine oil pollution Consumers who use oil 1 Of the following statements about the characteristics of coastal waters which is are true Coastal waters typically have high biologic productivities Coastal waters have high biologic diversity A very large percentage of the ocean s biomass is located in coastal waters Coastal waters are more affected than the open ocean by river runoff and tidal currents 2 Of the following statements about ocean ownership and the Law of the Sea which is are true Coastal nations own the resources of the area 200 nautical miles from their shoreline which is called the exclusive economic zone EEZ Understand the Concepts The Law of the Sea Treaty which establishes the rights of nations in ocean ownership was ratified by the required 60th nation in 1993 Forty two percent of the world s oceans are under the control of coastal nations If the continental shelf defined geologically exceeds the 200 mile EEZ countries are allowed to extend their ownership to 350 nautical miles form shore 3 Of the following statements about the physical characteristics of coastal oceans which is are true In middle latitude coastal oceans where evaporation is high a halocline can develop In low latitude areas where there is no mixing surface water temperatures can be very high In high latitude areas the coastal ocean is isothermal has uniformly low temperature from the surface to deeper waters Because on onshore and coastal runoff geostrophic currents along western North America flow northward 4 Of the following types of estuaries which one has a relatively shallow mouth but is often narrow long and extremely deep A drowned glacial valley called a fjord 5 Which of the following describes an estuary located at the mouth of a high volume river where freshwater flows to the ocean over a layer of dense saline water Salt wedge estuary 6 Of the following statements about coastal wetlands which is are true Coastal wetlands often serve as important nursery areas for many species of fish Coastal wetlands are good at cleansing polluted water of agriculture runoff toxins and other pollutants Scientists estimate that globally 50 off all coastal wetlands have disappeared in the past century Mangrove swamps are a type of coastal wetland that can protect shorelines from erosion 7 Of the following statements about the Mediterranean Sea which is are true The Mediterranean Sea is actually a number of smaller seas connected by narrow necks of water into one larger sea The Mediterranean Sea is one of the few inland areas in the world that is underlain by oceanic crust Thick salt deposits in the arid eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea suggest that it completely dried up about 6 million years ago Evaporation in the arid eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea causes an inward surface flow at the Straight of Gibraltar The warm salty and dense Mediterranean Intermediate Water flows out as a substance flow over the Gibraltar Sill and into the Atlantic Ocean 8 Of the following statements which is are included in the WHO s definition of marine pollution Marine pollution can be a substance or a form of energy Marine pollution results or is likely to result in harmful effects to marine life Marine pollution is human made 9 Based on the WHO s definition of marine pollution which of the following is are considered to be a form of marine pollution Warmer than normal water created by outflow from a coastal power plant Sound from cargo ships traversing the ocean Biodegradable food items dumped overboard from a cruise ship Raw sewage released onto the floor of the deep ocean 10 Of the following techniques which is the most commonly used for determining the concentration of pollutants that negatively affect the living resources of the ocean Death of more than 50 of a sample population following exposure to a known pollutant 1 Visualize Oceanography Halocline with high salinity at the surface F Isohaline water column E Halocline with low salinity at the surface D Runoff B Runoff and wind mixed C Dry offshore wind A 2 Middle latitude summer A Middle latitude winter B Isothermal water column low temperature G Thermocline with warm water at the surface F Low latitudes D Isothermal
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