OCE 1001 Study Guide Ch 5 CH 5 Test Your Knowledge 1 In an atom the nucleus is composed of and and the orbit very quickly around the nucleus Protons neutrons electrons 2 What accounts for the unique properties of water Its unique geometry causes the water molecule to have a resulting electrical polarity 3 Which type of bond holds adjacent water molecules together Hydrogen bond 4 Each hydrogen atom shares its single electrons in the oxygen atom Which type of bond is this Covalent bond 5 The fact that ice is less dense than water which causes ice to float is due to The molecular packing of bulky ice crystals 6 In the ocean average water salinity is 35 7 Most processes that affect the ocean s salinity occur At the oceans surface 8 The Red Sea has water because of large amounts of Hypersaline evaporation 9 The Baltic Sea has because of Brackish water large amounts of runoff 10 Where is the salinity of the ocean surface waters the HIGHEST About 25 degrees north or south of the equator 11 There is no pycnocline in latitude regions because High the water column is uniformly cold and dense 12 In water vapor there is no interconnectedness of individual water molecule no hydrogen bonds True 13 Latent heat can be absorbed or released only as water undergoes the process of changing state e g water changes from a liquid to a solid True 14 The heat capacity of water is lower than that of most other substances False 15 In high latitudes there is a prominent and well developed thermocline False 16 Which one of the following INCREASES the salinity of water Evaporation of seawater 17 Which of the following terms describes a rapid change in salinity with depth Halocline Understand the Concepts 18 The density of seawater increases with in temperature and in salinity A decrease an increase 19 A layer of rapid change of ocean density with depth is called a Pyncocline 20 The process of purifying seawater by removing most of its dissolved substances is called Desalination 1 Of the following properties of water which is are caused by the unusual geometry of water molecules Water has cohesion and surface tension Snowflakes form six sided crystals Water Molecules form hydrogen bonds Water has the ability to dissolve just about anything Water molecules have polarity 2 Of the following statements about the water s latent heat and changes in state which is are true When water evaporates its latent heat of evaporation absorbs heat Latent heat allows water to transfer energy from one place to another In the vapor state there are no weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules When water vapor condenses and forms a liquid its latent heat of condensation releases heat to the environment that is what powers hurricanes In the solid state all water molecules are connected by weak hydrogen bonds 3 Of the following statements abut the density of freshwater and the formation of ice which is are true Ice is less dense than liquid water which is why ice floats As the temperature of water decreases from 4 C to 0 C its density decreases Water at 2 C is less dense that it is at 4 C Water s maximum density is at 4 C 4 Of the following statements about seawater salinity which is are true Seawater salinity averages 35 The two most common dissolved components in seawater are sodium and chloride Seawater salinity averages 3 5 5 Which of the following techniques can be used to measure the salinity of seawater Pass electrical current through the water Evaporate the water sample and weigh the amount of solids that precipitate out 6 Of the following statements about seawater properties in high and low latitudes which is are true There is a thermocline in low altitudes There is a halocline in low altitudes There is a halocline in high altitudes There is a pycnocline in low altitudes 7 Of the following statements about the density of seawater which is are true An increase in salinity increases seawater density A decrease in temperature increases seawater density 8 Of the following processes which INCREASES the salinity of seawater The formation of sea ice Evaporation 9 Of the following statements about the pH of seawater which is are true In a natural state the carbonate buffering system protects the ocean from getting too acidic or too alkaline The pH of seawater averages about 8 1 and ranges from about 8 0 to 8 3 Additional carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is getting into the ocean overwhelming the natural carbonate buffering system 10 If you were an explorer stranded in the Arctic Ocean what method s could you use for creating fresh drinking water Heat sea ice that formed a long time ago Boil sea water catch and condense the water vapor Catch and melt fresh falling snow Take seawater and freeze it and melt it several times to purify it Visualize Oceanography 1 Hydrogen atom C Negatively Charged side of the water molecule E Hydrogen Bond A Oxygen Atom B Positively charged side of the water molecule D 2 3 Condensation C Freezing D Vaporization evaporation boiling A Melting B Solid B Liquid A Gas C Sulfate A Chloride C Calcium D Magnesium E Potassium F Sodium B 4 5 Infiltration F Greatest amount of precipitation worldwide B Smaller amount of evaporation including transpiration worldwide E Smaller amount of precipitation worldwide C Runoff D Greatest amount of evaporation worldwide A 6 Curve for low altitudes D Thermocline A Layer with the highest density C Curve for high latitudes E Mixed Layer B Disclaimer These notes are to help you study for the exam This is not to be used as a cheat sheet
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