Political Islam 05 30 2013 I Why do they Hate Us II Brief History of Islam A Muhammad 570 632 B Ummah C Five Pillars Prayer Shahada Alms Ramandan Hajj D Christianity vs Islam Clash of Civilization Complex 1 Quran Hadith and Sunna 2 Islam s Relationship to the State Role of Conquest Shariah E Caliphates 1 Orthodox or Right Guided 632 61 1 a Four Uniting Bonds 1 b Legitimists Shiites vs Umayyads Sunnis 2 Umayyad 661 750 3 Abbasid 750 1258 Seljuks Crusades Mongols Mamluks 4 Ottoman Empire 1299 1923 Quraysh Abu Bakr Umar Uthman Ali Muawiyah Ataturk Political Islam When Huntington talks about future conflict he highlights West vs Islam Confucianism vs West would be due to power transition with China 9 11 argument proves Huntinton argument as correct Not at War w Islam but w Radical Islam Radical Islam Muslims who have adopted extremism which espouse terrorism not all Muslims I Why Do They Hate Us witten by ZAKARIA 1 Start to ask this question after 9 11 didn t see this coming WHY DID THEY ATTACK US Huntington b c of fundamental differences in religion and culture 2 Unconventional enemy different than any we ve had in the past Not an alliance of Islamic states rather actors from within Islamic states 3 Harder to combat group because they were a non state entity 4 Osama Bin Laden said religion was the problem Complicated b c lumps all Muslims into one category 5 Question is so broad that we don t know who they is or who us is either 6 Have to identify the actual problems so we can identify who the actors are 7 What was clear out of 9 11 was that the US did not understand the Muslim world and didn t have much knowledge 8 Ignorance for their history major figures movements Islam II Brief History of Islam Islam shares Judeo Christians historic roots 3 religions Abrahamic Religion Judaism Christianity Islam We all trace roots back to Abraham Major differnce is the Son Prophets of the old testament are recognized by Muslims Believe in same god and Muslims dont deny that Jesus existed Muslims see him as a prophet not Christ Over time teachings have become corrupted Man kind perverted the teachings and so reform was needed Needed reform thus the New prophet is Muhammad A Muhammad 570 632 Born in Mecca trading tribe Muhammad is from Quraysh tribe 570 Felt people were no longer listening to teachings of the prophets and needed reform Muhammad retreated outside of Mecca to a cave to meditate and Gabriel appeared to him with one command to recite Began to dictate words that Gabriel spoke and this became the Quran 610 613 Muhammad began preaching about getting back to the roots Local elite believed it would disrupt economic activity Muhammad left Mecca and went to Medina in 622 Many of Muhammad s followers came from lower middle class Formed an army and through religious conversion began expanding his influence and unite the tribes on the Arabian Peninsula 632 Muhammad dies He was an influencial militarily and political leader Muhammad creates the Ummah religious community of leaders transcending tribal identities with unifying religious identity B Ummah Religious community of leaders transcending tribal identities that divided unified body of believers The core is in Mecca C Five Pillars 1 Prayer 2 Shahada 5 times a day facing Mecca to say there is no God but God and Muhammad is his prophet Alms 3 4 Ramadan 5 Hajj charity for the poor pilgrimage to Mecca month of fast 9th month on lunar calendar Jihad literally means STRUGGLE Not one of the 5 pillars common misconception will most likely be on exam D Christianity vs Islam Clash of Civilization context 1 Central figure Christians Christ we see him as the divine son of god 2 Central figure Muslims Muhammad 3 Central works A Christians the Bible old prophets and new testament followers of Jesus Christians Inspired by God stand alone only holy book B Islam Quran is central work Plus works that focus on life of Muhammad Hadith Sayings of Prophet Sunna traditions based on the life of the prophet 1 Quran directly related to Muhammad put into complete form after Muhammad s death Hadith the sayings of the prophet Sunna traditions based on the life of the prophet Muhammad is central to Islam 2 Islam s Relationship to the State Role of Conquest Islam is the state 1 2 Jesus was seen as a threat to the state Muhammad was the state Muhammad seen as a ruler and a conquer State and religion are married together and reinforced by Shariah law The contrast with Christianity Jesus was not a political figure and religion is a seperate from the state entity Jesus didn t come as conquer and Muhammad was a conquer Thus a conquest in religion that dates back to the founder of Isalm Christian Church developed outside the state system sometimes against it Shariah the law The law of Islam is based on the Quran Hadith and Sunna The role of conquest Muhammad and conquest went hand in hand Using force to protect and spread the faith Who is supposed to follow Muhammad M didnt name his follower Problem of who was going to succeed Muhammad His father in law Abu Bakr became new Caliph successor first successor E Caliphates 1 Orthodox or Rashidun Rightly Guided 632 61 Abu Bakr begins orthodox caliphate Abu Bakr followed by one of his generals Umar expansion of Islam is spread through diplomacy and war A Four Uniting Bonds 1 Religion Islam law Sharia 2 3 4 language Arabic linked trade linked economically Huntington If there are uniting bonds for Islamic civilization then maybe Huntington s theory shouldn t be questioned and attacked so badly B Legitimists Shiites vs Umayyads Sunnis Split revolving as who should be able to succeed Muhammad and be Caliph Legitimists Shiites successor should only come from direct line of Muhammad Umayyads Sunnis didnt feel successor had to be of direct line but successor had to be from the same tribe Quraysh tribe Felt first two Caliphs earned their positions based on merit 2 Umayyad 661 750 Sunnis New Caliph was Muawiyah and the capital was Damascus Ummayyad ushers in the Golden Age of Islam Umayyad extremely power in expansion Golden Age 1 Efficiency at a height 2 Scientific developments 3 Developments in the Arts Height of Arabization and height of spread of Islamic Religion Established as one of the most advanced civilizations on earth could compare to China See the Caliph become dynastic position hereditary rule Fell in 750 due to poor quality of leadership 3 Abbasid 750 1258 Replaces Umayyad and capital is Baghdad Baghdad was a cosmopolitan city
View Full Document
Unlocking...