OIM 210 Midterm Study GuideInformation-What is a disruptive technology?o Dramatically changes the way a business operateso New does not mean disruptiveo May be disruptive for some but not otherso Examples: the light bulb was disruptive to the candle industry, Netflix is disruptive to Blockbuster-Define Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT) and describe their relationship.o IT – the equipment (hardware/software) used to process and manage information Data collection, information processing, communication, presentation, storage The line between consumer electronics and IT is dissolving and the fields are mergingo IS – made up of people, IT, information, and procedureso People use technology in order to capture, create, store, and distribute information that supports and enhances business functionso Sometimes IT and IS are used interchangeably, but IT ≠ IS. IT is part of ISo Management Information Systems (MIS) is the art of planning, deploying, managing, and using IT to perform all tasks that involve information processing and management-Why are people the most important organizational resource?o People use and manage ISo Innovation, competitive advantage, responsiveness to change-Define competitive advantage. Think about an example of how information technology creates this advantage.o Providing a product or service in a way that customers value more than what the competition is able to do. This is only temporary advantage.-Is a smartphone an IT device? Why?o Yes. IT is any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information-processing needs of an organization.Hardware and Software-Describe categories of computers based on size.o Personal Digital Assistant (PDA/Smartphone) – small handheld computer for personal tasks like appointment scheduling and address book maintenanceo Tablet PC – pen-based computer with the functionality of a notebook or desktopo Notebook Computer – small, portable, fully functional, battery-powered computero Desktop Computer – most popular type of personal computero Minicomputer (Mid-range computer) – meets the needs of several people simultaneously in a small or medium sized businesso Mainframe computer – meets the needs of hundreds of people in a large businesso Supercomputer – fastest, most powerful, and most expensive type of computer-Know the differences: personal productivity, vertical market, and horizontal market software.o Personal Productivity Software – helps you perform personal tasks Writing memos (word processing), creating graphs (spreadsheet), creating slide presentationso Vertical Market Software – application software for a specific industryPatient-scheduling software, restaurant management softwareo Horizontal Market Software – application software suitable for use in many industriesPayroll, inventory, and billing-What is an operating system? What are utilities?o Operating System Software – system software that controls your application software and manages how your hardware devices work together (Windows, Mac OS, Linux)o Utility Software – software that provides additional functionality to your operating system software (Anti-virus software, disk optimization software)-What are the six major categories of hardware?o ProcessingCPU – Hardware that interprets and executes software and coordinates all hardwareMemory (RAM) – temporary holding area for information and softwareo Input - Used to enter information and commandso Output - Used to present (hear, see, or otherwise recognize) the results of information-processing requestso Connecting - Lets you connect peripherals to your computer, such as cables, ports, expansion boards, etc.o Storage – store information for use at a later time or a different location (HD, Flash card,CD)o Communications – send and receive information from another computer-Is a tablet screen an input or output device?o A touch screen is an input device. You can enter information and commands. However, the screen is also an output device, as it lets you see, hear, or otherwise recognize the results of your information-processing requests.-How is data transferred between all components inside a computer?o Bus – everything connects to the bus and every device has an address-Know the units we use to measure size of memory or storage.o Kilo – a thousand. Kilobit or kilobyteo Mega – a million. Megabyte or megabito Giga – Thousand Mega 1,000,000,000o Tera – Thousand Giga (250,000+ songs)o Peta – Thousand Tera (Data Center)-What changes improve a computer’s performance? What will not improve performance?o Improve performance – Faster CPU, many CPUs, more memory, faster/wider buso WILL NOT improve performance – larger hard disk, wireless network, wireless mouse/keyboard-What is Open Source?o Computer software whose source code is available under a license (or arrangement suchas the public domain) that permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form. Often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Free, anyone can get it and change it. -Client Server vs. Web applications. Know the pros and cons of each architecture.o Client server – some processing on server, some on client. Information exchange over the network. Limited off-line functionality.o Web Based – all processing on server. Client is used for output and display. No off-line functionality.Business Applications and Business Intelligence-Define supply chain management (SCM). Does it cross the boundaries of one company? Why?o Tracks inventory and information among processes and across companies all the way to the consumer-Demand and forecast supply chain.o Forecast driven supply chain – effort to match supply with demand in order to maximizeprofit-Know the bullwhip effect.o Occurs in forecast-driven distribution channelso Forecast demand is not accurateo Companies carry inventory buffero Variations are amplified as one moves upstream (further from customer)-Define customer relationship management (CRM). Know the customer life cycle.o Uses information about customers to gain insights into needs, wants, and behaviors in order to serve them bettero Customer Life CycleMarketing – attract, solicitation, processAcquisition – sell, lead management, query response, prioritizeRelationship – support, sell more, upgrade, prioritizeLoss/Churn –