Lecture 7Learning ObjectivesExplain the concept of glycemic index and be able to identify high and low glycemic foodsSpecifically understand the disease process in type II diabetes.Explain the carbohydrate information on a food label (know how to calculate sugar content)Know which portion of the label the FDA regulates. Define label Health Claim.Know the MyPlate Recommendations regarding carbohydrate foodsFruitGlucose + FructoseWhen everything is broken down and go into cells to provide energyIt goes into to the liverExcess glucose is stored as glycogen in liverImportant, because it is mostly trappedCant handle fructose in big dosesSmall intestinePancreatic amylase breaks down remaining starch into maltoseCarbohydrates(Order of what happens)DigestionMonosaccharidesAbsorbed in small intestineTaken immediately to the liver for processingGlucose (into blood supply) or fat or glycogenRegulation of blood glucose: insulinInsulin secreted by pancreas enters bloodstreamInsulin stimulates glucose transport into cellWhen you have eaten and blood sugar is high, the insulin is going to come out and lower itGlucose in blood enters cellsGlucagon:Body will sacrifice muscle to keep blood sugar normalBlood sugar low, glucagon will come out to raise itBlood sugar (glucose) needs to be in a relatively tight range for best healthHormones regulate blood sugarInsulinGlucagonGlycemic Index and Glycemic responseIndex: rating of the potential of a food to raise blood glucose levelsMashed potatoes and rice krispies have a higher glycemic index because they have fructoseKidney beans have a lower glycemic index because they are high in fiberExam reviewWhich food would you expect to have the highest glycemic indexA) PeanutsB) Special K cerealC) AppleD) Brown (whole grain) rice and beansHealth issues with simple carbohydratesSimple Sugars and HealthTooth decayBacteria eat simple CHO’sBacteria produce acidsBlood lipidsHigher heart disease riskObesitySodaClinical trialControlledWhen you see an intervention, it’s a clinical trialDoes it show cause and effect?Always something to considerSugar ContentSoda isn’t always the worse drink because other drinks have high sugar contents as wellNutrition 130 1st EditionLecture 7Learning Objectives- Explain the concept of glycemic index and be able to identify high and low glycemicfoods- Specifically understand the disease process in type II diabetes. - Explain the carbohydrate information on a food label (know how to calculate sugar content) - Know which portion of the label the FDA regulates. Define label Health Claim.- Know the MyPlate Recommendations regarding carbohydrate foods Fruit- Glucose + Fructose When everything is broken down and go into cells to provide energy- It goes into to the livero Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in liver Important, because it is mostly trapped Cant handle fructose in big dosesSmall intestine- Pancreatic amylase breaks down remaining starch into maltose Carbohydrates- (Order of what happens)o Digestiono Monosaccharideso Absorbed in small intestineo Taken immediately to the liver for processingo Glucose (into blood supply) or fat or glycogen Regulation of blood glucose: insulinThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Insulin secreted by pancreas enters bloodstream- Insulin stimulates glucose transport into cello When you have eaten and blood sugar is high, the insulin is going to come out and lower it- Glucose in blood enters cells- Glucagon:o Body will sacrifice muscle to keep blood sugar normal o Blood sugar low, glucagon will come out to raise it- Blood sugar (glucose) needs to be in a relatively tight range for best health- Hormones regulate blood sugaro Insulino Glucagon Glycemic Index and Glycemic response - Index: rating of the potential of a food to raise blood glucose levels- Mashed potatoes and rice krispies have a higher glycemic index because they have fructose- Kidney beans have a lower glycemic index because they are high in fiber Exam review- Which food would you expect to have the highest glycemic indexo A) Peanutso B) Special K cerealo C) Appleo D) Brown (whole grain) rice and beans Health issues with simple carbohydrates- Simple Sugars and Healtho Tooth decay Bacteria eat simple CHO’s Bacteria produce acidso Blood lipids Higher heart disease risko Obesity Soda - Clinical trialo Controlled When you see an intervention, it’s a clinical trial Does it show cause and effect? Always something to consider- Sugar Contento Soda isn’t always the worse drink because other drinks have high sugar contents as
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