Lecture 2Learning ObjectivesKnow leading causes of death in US population related to nutritionBe able to identify good reporting of scientific research, the scientific method and the development of research based nutrition knowledgeBe able to identify 6 classes of nutrients and their energy contentBe able to define EAR, RDA and ULKnow the difference in terms of population percentages and usesKnow meaning of Daily Value as seen on food labelChallenges of Nutrition ScienceNutrition science is always constantly changingScience for it is still relatively newThe “picture” is always changingEpidemiological studiesObservation studiesAssessing nutritional habits, disease trendsCan only assess relationshipsCase control studiesComparing groups of individual with and w/o a condition (retrospective)Can only assess relationshipsCohortPeople sharing a common characteristic are followed over timeDisease outcome evaluatedCan only assess relationshipsModel StudiesCell research/Animal researchShort lifespan of miceCan assess cause and effect in animalsCan manipulate environmentCheaperMay not apply to humansEthicsEvaluating Media Reports/ What We Must Question and Keep in MindWho is reporting the information?Who conducted the research and who paid for it?Is the report based on good research studies published in a peer-reviewed journal or on testimonials?Are the claims too good to be true?NutrientsChemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function6 Essential nutrientsCarbohydratesNeed 4 kcal/gFats and oilsNeed 9 kcal/gProteinsNeed 4 kcal/gVitaminsMineralsWater(Last 3 nutrients are required in small amounts, doesn’t provide energy)Nutrition 130 1nd EditionLecture 2 Learning Objectives- Know leading causes of death in US population related to nutrition- Be able to identify good reporting of scientific research, the scientific method and the development of research based nutrition knowledge- Be able to identify 6 classes of nutrients and their energy content- Be able to define EAR, RDA and ULo Know the difference in terms of population percentages and useso Know meaning of Daily Value as seen on food label Challenges of Nutrition Science- Nutrition science is always constantly changing- Science for it is still relatively new- The “picture” is always changing Epidemiological studies- Observation studieso Assessing nutritional habits, disease trendso Can only assess relationships- Case control studieso Comparing groups of individual with and w/o a condition (retrospective)o Can only assess relationships- Cohorto People sharing a common characteristic are followed over timeo Disease outcome evaluatedo Can only assess relationships Model StudiesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Cell research/Animal researcho Short lifespan of miceo Can assess cause and effect in animalso Can manipulate environmento Cheapero May not apply to humanso Ethics Evaluating Media Reports/ What We Must Question and Keep in Mind- Who is reporting the information?- Who conducted the research and who paid for it?- Is the report based on good research studies published in a peer-reviewed journal or on testimonials?- Are the claims too good to be true?Nutrients- Chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function 6 Essential nutrients- Carbohydrates o Need 4 kcal/g- Fats and oilso Need 9 kcal/g- Proteins o Need 4 kcal/g- Vitamins - Minerals - Water (Last 3 nutrients are required in small amounts, doesn’t provide
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