Introduction to Realism 5 14 2013 I Classical Realism Hans Morgenthau A Response to US Realism B Pursuit of Power Real politik II Neo Realism Kenneth Waltz A AKA Structual Realism B Assumptions 1 States are rational unitary actors 2 States seek security 3 Anarchy C Balance of Power 1 Alliances 2 Bandwagoning 3 Balancing D Polarity 2 Bi Polarity 3 Multi Polarity 1 Uni Polarity Hegemonic Stability Theory E Security Dilemma Prisoner s Dilemma Game Theory International Relations Developed as a result of 2 world Wars European Wars most destructive wars world has ever seen Europe is also home of the enlightenment Equality Individual Rights Went from Europe to the rest of World WW1 15 million deaths WW2 Estimated 40 75 million deaths Why do WARS occur What can we do to avoid war 3 Main perspectives of International Relations Realism most prominent Liberalism Constructivism I Classical Realism humans are aggressive Focuses on power put power heavily on leader of state and human nature being selfish and The most important actor in IR is the STATE Historical Intellectual Realists Thycydides Niccolo Machiaveli Thomas Hobbes Carl Von Clausewitz considered classical realists A Response to US Realism Hobbean Ideal Thomas Hobbes action of leader reflects on the states his followers are Realists Overall focus on state system and survival of the state Realists focus on the state system and look at international affairs from a state perspective Focus on spread of democracy and increasing communication Respect and recognize sovereignty of other states Realists thought war was natural and inevitable they will always happen Hans Morgenthau leader of classical realism politics among nations Classical Realist Dominance of Realism in American Politics Directly tied to the ideals of Realism in American Politics You can have a flawed system but it can be fixed by 1 through communication 2 Spread of democracy 3 Recognizing and respecting states sovereignty War a result of individuals that were flawed created flawed systems and governments Poor leadership Poorly Organized States Idealism B Pursuit of Power IDEALISTS Ex WW1 system can be fixed as long as states communicate with each other Real Politk Power politics or the focus on the acquisition and exertion of power Eliminate war through process of democratization League of Nations Woodrow Wilson creation A Brought States together B Tried to provide order through communication C States work together through selective security Realists thought this idea was na ve Argue that conflict cannot be stopped by democratization war is natural Why Nature of Mankind and it was man who created states Individuals are constantly in pursuit of power thus states are too Only way to prevent war is to prepare for it The stronger you were the more powerful you were b c no one will challenge you II Neo Realism 1970s new ideas emerge and realist perspective becomes more formalized Classical Realists and Neo Realist differ on solution NR States 1 concern should be security so it can ensure survival Conflict is not the result of individuals but the structure of the system how states are aligned Neo Realism is known as structural realism for this reason Structural realism Because there is no global governmental authority states are going to be in a competition with each other Ultimate goal of state is not power but survival Thus a state s primary goal is to ensure security B Assumptions of Neo Realism 1 States are rational unitary actors state acts as individual player Actions designed to guarantee its security Based on own rational self interest Concerned primarily on themselves Structure of the system is essential 2 States seek security Whether democracy or authoritarian regime the goal is survival and lasting May do so by increasing their security power and possibly scaring their neighbors Not power but survival 3 Existence of Anarchy In competition w other countries which increase chance of war We don t have a global government No UN body made up of states States are going to act the way they want to act tend to be self centered Each state is responsible for its own security This brings insecurity C Balance of Power Why is War common though What can we do to avoid it Must have a balanced power and a sense of equilibrium to avoid conflict 1 Alliances Strong states also need allies Weak states seek allies to become stronger protect them and build strength Realists believe alliances should be fluid not fixed They see alliances as beneficial when it benefits the state but they can also be vulnerable May become too dependent on alliance for protection 2 Bandwagoning Small states join more powerful larger states Problem Stronger powers take advantage of weaker powers and then attack them Ex 19390 Germany SU sign a treaty Soviets bandwagoning then Germany attacks the SU 3 Balancing Finding the equilibrium for the balance of powers not one side larger than the other Expected behavior that decreases the probability of war 1871 Germany unification that ruined the balance in Europe b c no longer equal power Ex US and Great Britain balance is strong we can assume we will always be friends Realists perspective NEVER believe this b c times motivations change D Polarity 1 Uni Polarity Hegemonic Stability Theory one state has the most power militarily economically and culturally United States by far most powerful 2 Bi polarity 2 major poles of powers Seen as the most secure by the realists 3 Multi Polarity when you have multiple powerful players in a system Realists predict this is where we are headed Cooperation Can states work together and cooperate Can t force a state to cooperate and there is no form of enforcement Relative Gains Zero sum games one state s gains result in another state s loss Security Dilemma Prisoner s Dilemma game theory WW2 key to Prisoners Dilemma Do not confess Arm Confess Disarm Realism Continued I WWI A Germany and the Security Dilemma B Balance of Power reasons for its Demise 1 Power Transition 2 Russia the Preventative War II Interwar to WWII A Balance of Power B League of Nations Japan Manchku Italy C Appeasement D Nazi Germany as a revisionist state Mearsheimer viewpoint III Cold War Errupts A Division of Post War Europe B East Central Europe Soviet Satellites C Marshal Plan D NATO 1949 Warsaw Pact 1955 E BiPolar World Balance of Power I WWI Germany and Security Dilemma Unified Germany is strong Otto Von Bismarck real politik ensures Germany is strong If weak
View Full Document
Unlocking...