Hist 1501 1st Edition Lecture 26Outline of Last Lecture I. Republican PartyA. Bleeding Kansas B. Dred Scott (1857)C. John Brown Harpers FerryII.1860 ElectionA. Stephen Douglas (Democrat)B. John Breckinridge (Democrat)C. John Bell (Constitutional union)D. Abraham Lincoln (Republican)III. Secession A. The Confederate States of America B. Fort SumterOutline of Current Lecture IV. Secession A. States Rights?B. Margaret Garner C. Fort SumnerD. Middle and Upper SouthE. West Virginia V.The Civil WarThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. Northern v.s southern advantages B. Modern war: Total war VI. The War A. Turning points: Gettysburg and Vicksburg B. Black confederates?VII. Slavery and the Civil WarA. Emancipation as a war strategy B. Paternalism undermined C. First Confiscation Act (August 1861)D. Second Confiscation Act (July 1862)E. Emancipation Proclamation (September 1862)Current Lecture• Before Lincoln was inaugurated the southern states secede and put GeorgeWashington on their seals because they are living up to the values of the Republic (central government was tyrannical) and he was from Virginia so itwas trying to get them to leave too • Many states were waiting to see what Lincoln did before they secede • Southerners believed it is a state right to be able to leave but they're selec-tive in their arguments for states rights because they use federal power when it is beneficial• Margaret Garner was a slave in Northern Kentucky who ran away with her children to southern Ohio and her slave master came to find her and her children• They found her and she was going to be returned to slavery that killed her daughter so she wouldn't have to go back to slavery-this was a murder so she needs to face justice in Ohio for her owner's invoked the fugitive slave act and the court rules in his favor against States rights• Lincoln was hoping they were just acting up and would come back to the union-he was hopeful because the middle and upper South didn't leave so he stressed reconciliation• Lincoln said the secession was illegal and declared that federal property (i.gmilitary bases) could not be part of the secession • When Lincoln went to send a ship of supplies to fort Sumter the deep southerners attacked it and in md april took it • Lincoln declared the confederacy to be in a state of insurrection and called for mobilization of 75,000 loyal troops to put this down • The middle and upper south now had to choose what side they were on since Lincoln wanted them to help repress the confederate army and the fighting would take place in their states-the ones with the most slavery left and lower slave populations states stayed because they saw slavery being safer with the federal government • Western Virginia didn't think secession was a good idea so split from the rest of Virginia (highest slave concentrations were on eastern seaboard) • Lincoln would allow slavery to continue if the states came back to the Union, but over time it became a war about ending slavery because it wasn't compatible with American values and would keep causing crises • Union believed they were fighting for freedom and liberty because thats what the Union stands for-couldn’t have a successful republic if they could secede any time • Confederacy were fighting for freedom of states rights, property in the face of federal aggression and values of the american revolution,• Northern advantages: population, industrial workers, factories, valued goods manufactured, railroad mileage, weapons manufacturing, banking capital • Southern advantages: stronger motivating cause of fighting for their free-dom, southern toughness and spirit will prevail, south were fighting a de-fensive war and didn't have to win battle, but only not lose until the north gave up • On paper North would easily win and Confederacy thinks it will be short war• Lincoln easily find troops and believed it would be a short war as well• South has a harder time because they have to create an army and make or buy weapons• Confederacy faced problems with their insistence of states rights because everything they needed was resisted by the states (drafts, funds, etc)• Death call could have been as high as 60 or 70,000 and was not the quick and easy war but was instead a long and bloody war because it is a modernwar• Modern War: large armies that are backed by industrial (weapons, tele-graphs, etc), changes in strategy• Union text alert to the entirety of the south to crush their spirits• They destroyed crops, bombed cities, civilians were killed and they took supplies• Lincoln had to be very careful with emancipation as a war strategy becausethere were sleigh states still in the union that couldn't secede-Maryland hasto stay because of Washington DC and most states have high white popula-tions who could be used to fight in army, undercuts idea that they needed to secede to protect slavery • Slaves know what's going on and know that slavery and the Confederacy is in danger so slaves start running to the union lines and Union commanders except them into their ranks and declared them seize property or war• The warm or generally undermined paternalism because Masters had to leave plantations to fight, there was food shortages, slave masters left overseers in charge and they didn't have a relationship with slaves so pa-ternalist masters were unable to live up to their paternalist obligations• Sleep stopped obeying and left and by the end of the war about (1,000,000) 25% of all slaves had run away • First Confiscation Act: goal of legislation not necessarily to weaken southernwar efforts, Congress declares that any property used in confederate war will be considered free• Second Confiscation Act: slaves of anyone aiding the confederacy (govern-ment, war effort, etc) are declared free, goal of this was to create anxiety inthe south, masters will have to worry about leaving their slaves behind • Emancipation proclamation said that any confederate States who didn't re-join the union by January 1st 1863 will have to declare their slaves free, didn't end slavery and didn't affect the slaves in the union, designed to punish the confederacy but when no states rejoined it changed the mean-ing of the war and there could be no peace or reconciliation without the abolishment of slavery• Over