Hist 1501 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture I. Jacksonian DemocracyA. DemocratizationB. John Quincy AdamsC. 1828 Election: Democratic Republicans v.s National Republi-cansD. Limits of Jacksonian Democracy: “Trail of Tears”E. Nullification Crisis: Force BillF. Bank WarG. Second Bank of the United States H. Nicholas BiddleII. Whig Party A. William Henry Harrison B. Second Party System: Democrats v.s WhigsOutline of Current Lecture III. Jacksonian Democracy Cont.A. Whig PartyB. William Henry HarrisonC. Second Party System: Democrats v.s WhigsIV. Second Great Awakening: The Democratization of American religionA. Charles FinneyV. Reform movementsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. TemperanceB. “Maine Laws”C. PrisonsVI. UtopianismA. Shakers: Mother Ann LeeB. Oneida: John Humphrey NoyesC. Mormons: Joseph SmithD. Secular Utopias Current Lecture• Opponents of Jackson formed the Whig party• A lot of old national republicans wanted to go back to Henry Clay’s old American system and expand the power of the federal government• Some joined the Whigs because Jackson was so polarizing (anti-Jackson party)• 1836 election was when the Whigs started showing up but the democrats won with Van Burren• Whigs learned how to campaign from the people and are the common men person: William Henry Harrison (born in a log cabin-not true because he was a wealthy Virginian)• New lows in dirty campaign trips (Martin Van Burren was a sexual pervert)• The Whigs were the “defenders of morality”• Whigs won in 1840 and the whigs were now an official party, creating a sec-ond party system (instead of federalists vs republicans it was democrats vs whigs)• Democrats and whigs lasted until slavery became a more important na-tional issue than the role of the federal government • People were more individualistic and felt they could make a difference which led to fear and anxiety over where the U.S was heading• Also was a feeling that anything was possible or that the U.S could go off the rails• American religion was changing also-virtue was now not only associated with the elite’s-democratization elevated the status of the commoners • Commoners were asserting their own beliefs and forming their own conclu-sions and churches forming the second great awakening-more than the first• Itinerant preachers were not connected to a specific church, could be illiter-ate, but is a more emotional version of religion (emotional rather than intel-lect) • Worked the crowd into a frenzy and wanted them to feel the presence of Christ• Appealed to everyday people because everyone's experience with God was legitimate• Charles Finney had been a lawyer but in the 1820s he felt the presence of God and dedicated his life to spreading the message• In upstate New York there was rapid change in communities sprouting up and is where fenny found people to listen to him• Challenge the old Calvinist motion of predestination-preaches free will to bea will to choose if they are saved-democratic message• US became a more religious society after the second great awakening• There were many reform movements that the middle class set up to deal with the changes that are happening and how to deal with them before there's social chaos• Democratization: it is the people who decide what happens and make a difference, fear that other people will get out of control and they have to stop them• Middle-class was concerned with vice in urban areas (drinking, gambling, prostitution, etc)• Middle class realized they are social problems with social influences so theyneed a social movement to stop them• Temperance: anti-drinking movement• alcohol was a part of everyday lives, found any excuse to drink, was cheaper then tea or coffee• Believed alcohol was a core cause of social problems and family problems• Gave woman a significant role• In 1851 main prohibited alcohol-set off wave of other states• 13 states had “Maine Laws” that prohibited alcohol-dry states• Backlash saying it was on American and many were repealed (1861-5 dry states)• I'll call consumption had decreased significantly and went from 14 gallons ayear to seven gallons a year• There's also a reform of criminal justice for the problems of crime • Before: public hangings, chaining off in public, and whippings were meant to shame them• Crime was a social problem so they needed to reform them• Emphasis away from public shaming to private reformation and rehabilita-tion • In Pennsylvania they had full time solitary confinement-no talking to each other or guards so they could think about their crimes and seek redemption• They never knew when they're being watched so this mindset but always follow them when they internalize the sense of surveillance• Was a failure, rehabilitation didn't work, prisoners started to go insane• Prisons change to a consignment place for the sake of society to take the criminals away from others• Utopians believed they'd be able to create a perfect society and that any-thing was possible and democratic America-some religious others secular• The Shakers were a variety of Quakers that emerged in the revolution and settled in upstate New York• Led by mother Ann Lee who said God was of dual sexuality and mailing fe-males were created equally by God-she was the female version of God and built a community• Shakers were completely celibate (no sex) and had to draw in members from outside• Communistic view of society and set up communal livings• All property was shared• In upstate New York John Humphrey Noyes set up in Oneida • Believed people could become perfect if they stop sinning, so they would no longer have to follow societal rules• Didn't have to recognize adultery and monogamy• Complex marriage: anyone who had been “saved” could have sex with any-one else had been “saved”• Sex should be open, public, viewed, and nothing to be ashamed of• Bible communism: property communally owned, children communally raised• Males had to practice male consonance-stopping short of ejaculation to make sure they are not overrun with children and so sex wasn't for lust only• A committee was set up to decide who will be having children• Noyes decided it was his responsibility to give girls their first sexual experi-ence• Received