Hist 1501 1st Edition Lecture 18Outline of Last Lecture I. Creating a Government: The Washington AdministrationA. Hamilton v.s JeffersonB. Federal Assumption of DebtsC. Washington D.CD. Bank of the United StatesII.Political Partisanship: Federalists v.s RepublicanismA. The French RevolutionB. “The Terror”C. Whiskey Rebellion (1794)Outline of Current Lecture III. Election of 1796: John Adams v.s Thomas JeffersonA. Partisanship: Roger Griswold v.s Mathew LyonIV. The Adams AdministrationA. “Quasi-War”B. Alien and Sedition ActsC. Election of 1880: John Adams v.s Thomas JeffersonD. Jefferson and Republicanism Power V. Major Issues A. Marbury v.s MadisonB. Louisiana Purchase (1803)C. Embargo Act (1807)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.VI. James MadisonA. War of 1812B. Hartford Convention Current Lecture•Washington willingly stepped down after his 2nd term, setting a precedent •Adams was a federalist and Jefferson was a republican•The best men run and with no office titles-not based on party lines•John Adams became president in the election of 1796 making Jefferson the vice president because he received the second highest amount of votes•This selection further increased partisanship•Roger Griswold was a Federalist and Matthew Lyon was a republican•Griswold insults Lyons past and spits in his face, A few weeks later these two men are fighting on the floor of Congress and prove that partisanship isbad•The US was having foreign difficulties and a crisis of France broke out be-cause US appears to be supporting the British in the conflict•Friends began to seize American merchant ships and there was a “Quasi-war” between the navies of the countries (not official) •Sedition act made it a crime to oppose measures of the government and it was illegal to criticize the government during war•This was a move by Federalists to stop Republicans from criticizing•This backfired and prove republican warnings saying it is a tyrannical act•Republicans were seen as martyrs and became more popular•In the election of 1880 parties were starting to solidify and Jefferson won•There was lots of propaganda saying Republicans supported the devil and wanted to destroy the federal government•Transition goes on smoothly and Federalists willingly gave up the power•Jefferson was more moderate as president than believed he would be•Jefferson said they are all Republicans and all Federalists•Jefferson serves to terms then another Virginia Pres., James Madison servestwo terms, that another Virginian (Monroe) serves two•Jefferson repeals many Federalist taxes (including the whiskey tax) and the government will be funded by selling land in the West and having import duties•Scaled-back army and Navy for costs and Republican ideas•One of Jeffersons biggest problems was the court systems because the judi-ciary branch was almost entirely filled with Federalists•Shortly before he left office, Adams expanded the court systems•Adams forgot to officially send commissions to judges, so Jefferson didn't believe he had to send them and could replace them with the people he wants•William Marbury sues Jefferson administration for not getting his commis-sion•Marbury v.s Madison goes all the way to the Supreme Court (all federalists) and John Marshall sees this case as a test of how much power the judiciary has •Marshall passes a decision that has something for everyone because the law Marbury is citing is unconstitutionally so there is no case but says Mar-bury should have gotten a seat (moral victory) but can’t enforce it (Jeffer-son practical victory) •Supreme Court now had the final say if jurisdiction was constitutional or not•France offered to sell the U.S land and put Jefferson in a bind because he wants small independent land owning farmers so they needed land and it was cheap (critical for future of U.S) but thought the government couldn't buy it because the constitution didn't strictly say they could-ideology•Wanted Congress to get together and amend the Constitution but there was not enough time so he decided to make the Louisiana purchase•Doubles the size of the United States and put the US on the path to the civilwar•In Jefferson was reelected for the second term federalists were becoming extinct•Merchants are making a killing by trading the France and Britain during their war which angered the country•France and Britain start seizing American ships•Britain went one step further by impressment of taking sailors, increasing tensions between the two and on the brink of war•Jefferson called for an economic embargo of American goods in the em-bargo act of 1807 which shut down all outgoing trade•New England took a hard economic hit•Showed Jefferson acting differently than republican ideals•Raised militia to enforce the embargo•The Embargo act expired after Jeffersons second term and caused resent-ment for him•James Madison won the election in 1808 but Madison inherited Jefferson problems•James Madison workout a deal French with the French thing that they will be open trade with them and only embargo Britain if France respects Amer-ica•Increasing problems with impressment from British (also are instigating In-dian conflicts)•In 1812 Congress declared war on Britain in the US was not prepared for war•Republican support of it and Federalist opposed it•The national bank had been dissolved right before the war so there was economic instability along with having no army•Britain attacks Washington DC and set so I house on fire•Britain won the early battles but by early 1814 both sides started to seri-ously negotiate•The final battle was in New Orleans and England wanted to reestablish a hold in North America•Jackson's victory spread patriotism even though the war had already been ended in Treaty•Many Americans saw this as a final chapter for independence•American pride and patriotism peaked and more republicans were celebrat-ing then Federalists•Federalists in New England held the Hartford Convention to protest the war and the shape of the US under Republican rule•There was some talk of secession of New England•They wanted to boost New England power because there is too much power in Virginia•Proposed constitutional amendments to protect New England power•Called for a repeal of 3/5