Hist 1501 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. Election of 1796: John Adams v.s Thomas JeffersonA. Partisanship: Roger Griswold v.s Mathew LyonII. The Adams AdministrationA. “Quasi-War”B. Alien and Sedition ActsC. Election of 1880: John Adams v.s Thomas JeffersonD. Jefferson and Republicanism PowerIII. James MadisonA. War of 1812B. Hartford Convention Outline of Current Lecture IV. James Madison Nationalist AgendaA. John C Calhoun B. National Republican C. Second Bank of the United States (1816) D. National RoadE. “American System”F. Henry ClayV. Market Revolution A. TechnologyB. TransportationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.C. McCormick ReaperD. Printing Technologies VI. IndustrializationA. Lowell MAB. CottonC. Rise of American Working ClassD. Unionization Current Lecture•Madison was clearly a Republican before the war of 1812 but as time went on he started to blend ideas •Madison believed America needed a stronger army and Jefferson and given and believe they needed a national bank (help support Government and stabilize the economy)•Madison promotes a recharter of the national bank •Terrace unemployed goods should be retained to protect American manu-facturing and industry•He wanted to build up infrastructure (roads, canals, etc) which is not layer out in the Constitution•The Constitution needed to be amended to allow for national building•Starts national republicans who recognizing the government can't improve the country with limits•John C Calhoun was a very strong nationalist and pushed for tariffs becauseit would be good for US instead of how it wouldn't do much for South Car-olina•He was an active supporter of national structures to promote national unity•In 1816 Congress recharter the second bank of the United States•Congress also allowed for money to be set aside for national road to facili-tate more trade, Unity, and western expansion•The “American system” of economic development was promoted by Henry Clay and wanted a national plan for growth in the economy where different sects (agriculture, commerce, manufacturing) could thrive off one another with a little help from the federal government•Western expansion could be used to promote agriculture leading to more manufacturing•Gave a shared and orderly growth of the economy •Market revolution changed the way people worked•Most Americans were farmers in the early 1800s for family farms•Market revolution caused farmers to grow more for national and interna-tional selling •Needed more cash crops to make money and buy other things•Created new social classes•Transportation technology allowed for the selling of crops on a national market•U.S had a good system of rivers that could be used for shipping down•Steam boats could go against the currents and go south to north•Built a national unity and facilitated more trade•Rivers were inconvenient because they are set in stone so it is hard to get some places so the U.S started to build their own canals to get to new places•The most ambitious engineering feat was the Erie canal that stretched 360 miles•By the 1840s railroads were emerging and facilitating even more goods be-cause they could carry lots of weight and go more places•Farm production technologies made farms more productive•the McCormick Reaper helped grain products and McCormick could ship thereapers anywhere so farmers could buy them •New printing technologies were more efficient and could spread informationlike farming techniques, seed varieties, weather patterns, ads, technolo-gies, almanacs, etc•All technologies came together to allow the creation of the national market •Industrialization changed the model of production•U.S changed from agricultural society to an industrial society •Skilled artisans made things by hand and had apprentices but were re-placed by the factory system •Instead of hiring apprentices they hired employees (wouldn’t teach the craft)•Employees were working for someone else and were not independent be-cause of it •New England became textile manufacturing •Lowell, MA= first textile-mill factory town in the 1820s•They had workers instead of apprentices, hired mostly women, and men wouldn't accept the new concept•Men resisted the idea of wage labor •There was a cotton booming the south because it didn't want to industrial-ize and could make the most amount of money through crops •New England got steady cotton from the South for manufacturing •South became completely dependent on slavery and it was unacceptable toeven question it•More and more Americans found that they had to work in factories and were not paid for the quality they produced but only to do repetitive tasks based on the amount of work they did •Factory workers became easily replaceable because they didn't have skills•This drives wages down and left workers with an inability to demand any-thing •Work was driven by the rhythm of a machine instead of by nature and whatyour body needs/wants•In a factory workers were told when they could eat, sleep, take breaks, and go to the bathroom —> loss of independence and creation of alienation •More and more skilled workers turned into unskilled laborers •More and more Americans could afford more goods because factories lowerthe costs of products•American workers recognized they were a new working class and had a strength in working together-in 1830s and 1840s beginnings of unioniza-tion, strikes, and shutting down