Hist 1501 1st Edition Lecture 24Outline of Last Lecture I. EmancipationA. American colonization society B. Liberia C. Nat TurnerD. Virginia ConventionII. Abolition movement A. William Lloyd GarrisonB. David Walker, Appeal to the colored citizens of the world (1829)C. The Liberator D. Mail CampaignIII. Southern response A. Gag Rule (1836)B. “Wage Slavery”C. Free laborIV. Women’s RightsA. Elizabeth Cady StantonB. Lucretia Mott C. Seneca Falls ConventionD. Declaration of SentimentsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Outline of Current Lecture V. Western ExpansionA. Missouri CompromiseB. Texas: Republic (1836) and Statehood (1845)C. Mexican WarD. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)VI.SectionalismA. Wilmot Proviso B. CaliforniaC. Compromise of 1850-Stephen Douglas D. Fugitive Slave ActE. Kansas-Nebraska ActCurrent Lecture• By 1820 Americans were starting to settle in the Louisiana Purchase Terri-tory • Was a question if this territory and future states would become slave states• Started in Missouri and they wanted to be a slave state-started a national debate• North West Ordinance banned slavery north of the Ohio and east of the Mis-sissippi • Spread of slavery in Missouri almost caused a national crisis• Northerners denounced slavery as a violation to their values• Others fell back on republican values and said it is up to the states to de-cide• Henry Clay helped create a compromise (Great Compromise) in the Mis-souri Compromise that allows Missouri to join as a slave state, admittedMaine as a free state to keep an equal balance between slave states and free states, so the senate has equal numbers in support and opposition of slavery • In the Missouri Compromise there was a line drawn and any state above it was a free state and below it was a slave state (3630 line)• Mexico began to invite Americans (Anglos) to settle in Texas to increase population • About 30,000 Anglos were there in 1830 and significantly outnumbered the Mexicans • In 1834 Santa Anna (new Mexico president) undermined some individual rights and a revolt rose to restore the Constitution• Santa Anna crushed the movement and a fight for independence broke out creating their own republic in 1836 hoping to be annexed by the US• In 1845 Texas entered the US as a slave state and Florida soon after • Iowa and Wisconsin as free states• By 1846 America was a transcontinental country and went from the Atlanticto the Pacific • Mexico and Texas disagree over the boarders of Texas and the US provoked a war with Mexico because expansionists had their eyes on all of the south west • Many northerners feared the expansion of slavery from Mexico War (1845-1847)• When the war ended the entire South West was taken in the Mexican Ces-sion • The U.S was more divided coming out of the war and politics became more divided on sectionalism rather than party lines• Northern Whigs and Democrats didn't want slavery but Southern Whigs anddemocrats did • The sectionalism was too create and teared the parties apart• David Wilmot said there should be a ban on slavery in all the territories taken from Mexico in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo• Free soil ideology: the land in the west should be open for white men to findopportunity • This will be cut off if slavery expands to the west and no land would be available for jobs• The Wilmot Proviso started to divide the parties among sectionalism lines • The House of Representatives passed it and the Senate who was still equally balanced did not • California forced Congress to deal with the issue• There was a gold rush that significantly increased the population in Califor-nia • In 1850 California was ready to apply for statehood and would tip the bal-ance either towards free states or slave states • Californians didn't want slavery because they were independent gold min-ers and applied for admission as a free state and southerners threatened cession and had fist fights in congress• John C. Calhoun gave one last speech saying: the balance of power was go-ing to the north (wealthier and higher population) because they had been able to push legislatives through Congress increasing their power and re-ducing the Souths, said north needed to change its behaviors and stop criti-cizing the South, Congress should allow slaves in western territories, and a constitutional amendment should be passed to keep a balance of power be-tween free and slave• Dual presidency one for free states and one for slave states who had abso-lute veto over each other • Henry Clay failed to find a compromise by lumping all the possible compro-mises together • Stephen Douglas took Clays compromises and passed them one by one forming the Compromise of 1850• California would be admitted as a free state and the rest of the South West would be split up and popular sovereignty would decide if they were free orslave, trade of slaves will be banned in D.C (caused public relations prob-lems), strengthened Federal Fugitive Slave Laws/Acts (personal insult toSouth because property stole itself)-requires alleged slaves to be sent to the south without a trial and a commissioner got $10 if they sent them to the south and $5 to the north• No statute of limitations of when slaves escaped and any northerner could be taken and forced to help find slaves• Caused a backlash in Northern States and caused more opposition• Forced the North to confront the evils of slavery • South was being hypocritical by preaching state rights by using federal power • Douglas came up with a bill that the unorganized land will undermine the Missouri Compromise • Kansas-Nebraska Act splits the territory into two and will let southerners bring their slaves into the