Hist 1501 1st EditionLecture 1Outline of Last LectureJamestown (1607) The Virginia Company “Starving Time” Powhatan Early Virginia Society “Headright System” TobaccoIndentured Servants Bacons Rebellion (1675) Assertions of Patriarchy:Colonial architecture? Outline of Current LectureIII. MigrationA. Separatists: “Pilgrims” and the Plymouth Colony B. “Great Migration”: Massachusetts Bay ColonyA. Economic motivations, religious motivations, “city upon ahill”IV. Puritan OrthodoxyA. IntoleranceB. Dissenters: Roger Williams, Anne HutchinsonC. Rhode IslandThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Current LectureMassachusetts v.s Virginia:Settlers in Massachusetts came from the middle class and were not servants or fleeing from England. They were shop keepers and farmers Preserved their freedom and came over in families (70%) Balanced male to female ratio; approximately 3 men to 2 women Settlers in Virginia were servants (1/3) and poor Single men came over and there was a 4 men to 1 women ratio Massachusetts was much healthier than Virginia-not on swamp land and there was a greater life expectancy 70 years old life expectancy compared to Virginias 45 Massachusetts has rocky soil Had a different mindset than Virginia Virginia was an immigrant society and had a constant turnoverSettlers in Massachusetts were not expecting instant power and wealth andkew they would have to work for it There was an initial flooding of immigrants then stopped by the 1640s Massachusetts settlers reproduced naturally and didn't need to be constantly replenished Massachusetts was more stable: had family units, a stable society, grew naturally, were healthier, had a better mindset Massachusetts was egalitarian-clear social hierarchies, patriarchies, not as extremes as in Virginia Massachusetts settlers were motivated by religion Puritans: hardcore protestants who wanted a complete reformation away from Catholicism Believed the church of England was too tolerant of catholicism and had too many rules and ritualsPuritans in New England: Congregationalists-each church controls themselves and wanted a change in the church of England Some puritans became separatists who withdrew completely from the Church of England and started over Some puritans were calvinists who followed John Calvin and believed in predestination (eternal fate has been mapped out and God already decided whogoes to heaven and hell and it can’t be changed) Puritans had a strict morality: if pious then you were among the elect The elect were those who had leadership of the church, had political power, and a comforting personality They believed that God would reward or punish a society depending on if it was pious or not Puritans created laws against breaking the Sabbath, public intoxication, gambling, drinking, and blasphemy Puritans began to face resistance by angering people England's economy was rapidly changing to market communism, peasants were being thrown off their land, the population exploded, people couldn't find work and were reduced to bankingA bad economy led to social turmoil and to puritans exaggerating the problems saying it was God’s wrath for them living in sin Charles V was sympathetic to Catholicism and doesn't like the puritans which causes some Puritans to look into getting out of England They go over n 1620 at first settling for Virginia but landing in the PlymouthColony those were the separatists puritans who left England forever In 1630 a bigger wave of settlers came, forming the Massachusetts Bay Colony Puritans in Massachusetts had different motivations Economic: were looking for a better life and wanted more to pass on to theirchildrenReligious: Believed that God was angry at England and needed to create a less sinful society which will also help improve the economy Wanted to be so successful that England would look at them and copy them Wanted to create “A city upon a hill”-a perfect society that would influence the rest of the world and the church of England Plymouth were separatists who were never going back and the Massachusetts Bay Colony hadn't given up from the church of England Most puritans stayed in England and the colonies had the extremists When things would go wrong they would do some soul searching to determine why God was angry The society wouldn't tolerate sin and cracked down hard on those doing Satan’s work Hogg- was hung because he was sinful and had sex with a pig creating a half-human half-pig Puritans were not looking for religious tolerance and didn't accept other religions Dissenter’s were were exiled and executed for those who didn't follow the puritan orthodoxyThe biggest fights were among puritans themselves over different bible interpretations Roger Williams: Challenged Puritan orthodoxy and argued that the civil government in Massachusetts did not have a rule over so couldn't pass was regarding it Wanted a separation of church and state and for people to be able to come to their own conclusions from the bible Was banished from Massachusetts and established Rhode Island Anne Hutchinson: believed humans can communicate directly to God without the Bible or church, you can’t tell who will be going to heaven or hell, believes she can tell who is among the saved and who is not, and said that the leaders were not among the saved Was banished and ended up in Rhode Island as wellRhode Island became a banishing ground which was diverse and allowed religious tolerance There was no office religion and was a separation of church and state However there was still tensions between the different religious