Hist 1501 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Coercive Acts/Intolerable ActsA. First Continental CongressB. War Begins: Concord and LexingtonII. Second Continental Congress: May 1775A. Continental Army B. Olive Branch Petition C. Declaration of the causes and necessities of taking up arms III. Virginia A. Lord DunmoreB. South Carolina: IndependenceC. Paine, Common Sense D. Declaration of IndependenceOutline of Current Lecture IV. RepublicanismA. Public VirtueV. Necessary ConditionsA. small sizeB. homogeneityC. martial virtueD. political economyVI. Republicanism v.s. democracyA. Republics in historyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.B. Reasons why americans can create a successful republicC. Puritan heritage, virtue of powerlessness: “power corrupts”D. martial virtueE. Wartime problems with creating a republicF. Martial virtue: The continental armyG. “Three years or the war”Current Lecture•Republicanism: A political philosophy of the 18th century•The colonists were figuratively killing the king and all monarchy•Americans would move toward creating a republican society and govern-ment•Republicanism possesses a government of the people without a King, aris-tocracy, and no ranked below citizen (all white men have equally quality)•Undermines a lot of assumptions because you needed a hierarchy structureto keep people in check, hold a society together, and make people play their proper role’s•English people already had some freedoms and rights and celebrate liberty•Colonists were jealous of their liberties•Americans were already living under some form of republicanism•American say authority is based on liberty and republicanism is based on the virtue of those under it (the willingness to put yourself under what's good for the public)•Cannot be forced, requires active citizenry, not unique to Americans•Certain conditions: small size, homogeneous (share common interests)-eas-ier to put the good of the Republic first and self-interest is group interest, martial virtue (war-making builds a fraternity in citizens that will relate citi-zens, militia should be the Armed Forces-no standing army citizen militias will bind you today State more), political economy (the way the economy isorganized, to remain independent land-owning farmers and will create vir-tuous values)-independent property owning men•Republicanism is not the same as democracy•Republics rely on independent virtuous property owning men because they have commitment and can exclude voting rights from those with no land-each state has their own•Democracy is equated with anarchy because in powers those who are not educated enough (common masses) •Full of enthusiasm in 1776 and believe they can create a Republican societybut know that republics tend to fail after becoming tyrannical•Reasons why Americans believe they are able to create a successful repub-lic:•See themselves as natural Republicans (i.e . puritan heritage)-believe God is giving them a second chance to create a good and pure society•Virtue of powerlessness: “Power corrupts”-too much power in one hand cor-rupts people and Americans are powerless so they never got a seed of cor-ruption and are starting with a clean slate, Born innocent not yet corrupted by power•Americans are embracing their differences•Martial virtue-the war itself will make the American virtuous and will prove their virtue•War-time problems of creating a successful republic:•Martial virtue: the Continental Army-the army wasn't properly framed and were going against the strongest army and navy in the world so if they when they show their virtue improved they can successfully build a republic•As the war goes on more and more Americans question their virtue and be-gin to erode the belief that they can create a republic•Public property and rights for very important republic since it gives you the right to vote but everyone needs to contribute something to the war to be virtuous-crops, property, taxes, etc- but if people don't give it up in the gov-ernment takes it it goes against a republic and shows tyranny and corrup-tion•The continental army is supposed to be common people volunteering for the cause with very short enlistments, turned away desperate people first but as the war goes on problems emerge and George Washington com-plains about the ineffective problems of the army and wants a permanent one•Congress complies in 1777-people are now signed up for the enlistments ofthree years or until the war ends, broader groups of enlistees, drafts begin at state-level (opposite of republican militia), accepts slaves, Rhode Island promises freedom to slaves who fight•Army begins to feel like they are the only ones who are sacrificing•Pennsylvania is more willing to sell food to British then be virtuous and will-ingly give army food•Americans question if they're virtuous enough•Continental Army: 20% slaves, forced prisoners of war, and looking like a professional army•American advantages: Home advantage(Communication, logistical, sup-plies), Britain doesn't know how to fight in this war(wanted to maintain colonies), vast territories, Washington doesn't have to when they just can't lose and Britain will give up•In 1778 France joins the war help Americans because they don't like the British and is a way to get back at them•By 1781 Americans had basically won the war•Fighting officially ended in