Hist 1501 1st Edition Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture I. RepublicanismA. Public VirtueII. Necessary ConditionsA. small sizeB. homogeneityC. martial virtueD. political economyIII. Republicanism v.s. democracyA. Republics in historyB. Reasons why americans can create a successful republicC. Puritan heritage, virtue of powerlessness: “power corrupts”D. martial virtueE. Wartime problems with creating a republicF. Martial virtue: The continental armyG. “Three years or the war”Outline of Current Lecture IV.State Constitutions A. PennsylvaniaB. MassachusettsC. Articles of ConfederationV. Challenges to Confederation:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. Disbanding the army B. Impost C. Newburgh Conspiracy D. Indian ConflictsVI.Northwest Ordinance (1787)A. Shays Rebellion (1786)Current Lecture•Declaration of Independence is all time England but does not form the United States and each colony is Independence State•Each State is unique and creates its own constitution-in line with a public•Pennsylvania has the most democratic constitution and has a unilateral System without a governor, and one house represented by the people of Pennsylvania-minimal property requirements•Includes black men and white men•Massachusetts is the most conservative-strict voting rights, bicameral house, even higher property requirements to seven office, low trust of the people, has a governor•The rest of the colonies fall between the two extremes•Commonalities: Power skews to the representative bodies and less with Gov., more frequent elections, based off old British model, semi democraticsignificant shift in power from only wealthy and well-to-do to moderates•Articles of Confederation: Drawn up in 1777 and forms the USA•Based on Continental Congress and is designed to be a weak government•Most power based in state-level and control laws to form army•For basic things it can do: declare war, conduct diplomacy, settle disputes between states, and can sign Indian treaties-role is diplomacy and can't do anything with economy•Each day gets one vote regardless of size•Need 9/13 states to create a majority to legislate anything•Can't raise taxes(problem when in war), States can refuse to contribute taxes•Need unanimous consent to expand its powers•After the war there are problems that could turn into crises•One problem: what to do with the army: standing armies are dangerous so they need to disband them but the armies need to be paid and there is no money to pay them with•The armies are in a lot of debt: only strengthens that they are the Army of the US•Nationalist want to expand the articles of Confederation so they can raise taxes on imports(impost)-12/13 colonies say yes•Congress splits debt across states•In Newburgh new York members of the army meet to create plans to force Congress to pay them-egged on by nationalists•March on Pennsylvania brews into what could be a crisis•George Washington shows up and talked them out of the March on Pennsyl-vania•Washington solidifies his reputation by giving up his military commission forthe armies-shows his good republican virtue•Shows that Americans are virtuous but proves why armies are dangerous•Sign that the articles of Confederation is a danger to itself•There are security problems (for and doesn't remove its troops and are arming and fueling Indians)-weak government can't do anything•Jefferson has a very democratic idea of how they should settle•Northwest ordinance (1787)-Jefferson draws up a tentative plan on how ter-ritory should be divided, Will be split into small plots that everyone can af-ford, vast majority of people will be farmers, not as Democratic as Jeffersonwould have liked but demonstrates Republic•Once territories reach a certain population they can apply for state hood and once granted they have full rights•Was a way to create expansionism and spread American values•Shays rebellion(1786): rebellion of farmers in Massachusetts and shows how close America is to failure•Money shortage(especially hard currency) in Massachusetts with high taxeson farmers, requires taxes to be paid in hard currency but the farmers don'thave it so as a result they start losing their farms, losing land meant losing independents so farmers began to petition the government for taxes that consider the reality they have (i.e accepting paper money)•Convention of farmers in 1786 to demand constitutional reform-more democratic•Lawnmower property for voting and move towards Pennsylvania's Constitu-tion, move capitals away from wealthy people, lower taxes, accept paper money•Groups of armed angry farmers march towns and closedown courthouses so farms can't be closed-spreads to other farms•80% of the militia joins the mob so it can't be stopped•Militia successful in defeating mob(led by Daniel Shay) but becomes a na-tional issue that shows the problems and the government: how democratic should they be, economics for normal people, Power with elites•George Washington is worried about Shays Rebellion (questions republican virtue and wants stronger central government •Jefferson doesn't agree with Shays rebellion and this kind of pressure is healthy for the