Hist 1501 1st Edition Lecture 25Outline of Last Lecture I. Western ExpansionA. Missouri CompromiseB. Texas: Republic (1836) and Statehood (1845)C. Mexican WarD. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)II.SectionalismA. Wilmot Proviso B. CaliforniaC. Compromise of 1850-Stephen Douglas D. Fugitive Slave ActE. Kansas-Nebraska ActIII. Southern response A. Gag Rule (1836)B. “Wage Slavery”C. Free laborIV. Women’s RightsA. Elizabeth Cady StantonB. Lucretia Mott C. Seneca Falls ConventionD. Declaration of SentimentsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Outline of Current Lecture III. Republican PartyA. Bleeding Kansas B. Dred Scott (1857)C. John Brown Harpers FerryIV. 1860 ElectionA. Stephen Douglas (Democrat)B. John Breckinridge (Democrat)C. John Bell (Constitutional union)D. Abraham Lincoln (Republican)V. Secession A. The Confederate States of America B. Fort SumterCurrent Lecture• Douglas needed Southern support so he put pressure on North in Kansas-Nebraska Act which finally destroyed the Whig party and set the U.S on the path to the civil war• The Whig Party had been started as an anti-Jackson party, making them have extreme abolitionists and extreme slave defenders-gave party too much tension• Democrats could survive the sectional split, but there still was divisions-sig-nificantly weakened in the north and core was in the south-southern whigs join party• The democratic party became the only party in the south • All kinds of new parties were spreading were sprouting up to fill the gap leftby the Whig party • All were opposed to slavery and tired of making concessions to slave power• From the Republican Party (various parties) which is different than Jeffer-sons republican party• Republican Party won’t find any support in the South (not a national party)-Free State Party• Republicans immediate goal was to keep slavery out of Kansas and slave holders had opposite goal• Whoever settled in Kansas first would get popular sovereignty-became a competition • Anti-slavery settlers were being payed to go to Kansas, non-slave holders had it easier to move (slave holders were attached to their land), slave holders would send thousands of slave supporters and advocates from Mis-souri (would vote and then move back to Missouri-voter fraud)• Even though it was an illegitimate vote, slave holders won the vote and formed a government in Lekompton to ensure slavery and be protected-banpeople who didn't support slavery from taking office, it is illegal to speak out against slavery, anti-slavery advocates couldn't be on a jury, if you helped a slave you would get the death penalty • In Topeka anti-slavery advocates form their own government • Congress was divided on who to recognize as the official government of Kansas and violence broke out • In 1856 Sumner denounces slavery in Congress and demonizes slave hold-ers, gave specific names, made fun of people, insulted the South generallyand Preston Brooks was determined to do something about Sumner to pro-tect the Souths honor• Brooks started beating Sumner with a cane at his desk until he was uncon-scious and kept beating him until his cane broke • Sumner became a martyr of the anti-slavery cause to show the slave powerand antidemocratic sentiments in the south• Brooks became a hero for standing up for southern honor• In Kansas violence also broke out on both sides and by 1857 became a state of civil war-Bleeding Kansas• In Kansas John Brown attacked pro-slavery families and killed and slaugh-tered them• Kansas was put under Marshall law to keep the peace• In 1857 the Supreme Court decision of Dred Scott (a slave) whose owner moved him around a lot making him spend a lot of time in free states be-fore returning to Missouri • After the owner died he left Dred Scott to his wife and sues fro his freedom because of the amount of time he spent in free states• Missouri Courts reject Dred Scott and abolitionists help him appeal to the Supreme Court where they ruled against him • The Supreme Court used this decision to say slaves don't have right to sue in court and neither do free blacks, blacks no longer have rights• Also says Congress has no right to regulate slavery in the territories (since slaves are property) • Missouri Compromise had been unconstitutional and the Republican Party isunconstitutional • Shows slave power had corrupted the government and northerners could legitimately question what would happen next (slavery could be banned in the North)-further infuriates the north • In southerners paranoid minds the republican party was an anti-slavery party• In 1859 John Brown came back and wanted to spark a massive slave rebel-lion that would spread through the whole south and end slavery• In the summer of 1859 John Brown gathered an interracial group in Mary-land and attacked Harpers Ferry in the Virginian Arsenal to give slaves weapons-the plan flopped when the army was informed and Brown was ex-ecuted • Southerners saw John Brown as a northerner coming to the south and try-ing to kill white southerners-confirms their greatest fears of possible slave rebellion and north killing whites • It was shocking to southerners when some northerners came to John Browns defense and were warned about what would happen if the Republi-can party came into power because it was an “abolition party” represented by John Brown • The 1860 election was a very crucial election and even democrats couldn't ignore sectionalism and party unity was dead so northern and southern democrats held their own conventions and elected their own candidates (Stephen Douglas for the north and John Breckinridge for the south) • South could no longer get behind Douglas’ popular sovereignty and Breckin-ridge supported slavery• There was still some Whigs left in the upper south who formed the constitu-tional union party and nominated John Bell (south divided)• Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln who believed slavery was immoraland should eventually be ended, stop slave expansion, west territory should give opportunity to whites • Election of 1860 was a sectional election-Lincoln won (first time regional party won and had absolutely no support in the south-0 electoral votes in the South) • Precisely the situation southern radicals had warned about and were wor-ried about •