HIST 1501 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last LectureI.Puritan Society A. Policies B. Land policies C. Literacy D. CommercialEconomy II. Puritans andIndians A. Wilderness B. Indian Rebellions C. Pequot War (1637) D. Assimilation: Praying Towns E. King Phillip’s (Metacom’s) War(1675) III. Middle Colonies A. New Netherlands B. New York/New Jersey C. Pennsylvania- Quakers D. William Penn’s “Holy Experiment” E. Diversity Outline of Current LectureIV. Slavery in the Atlantic WorldA. African Slavery B. Atlantic Slave tradeC. “Triangular Trade” D. “MiddlePassage” V. Slavery inAmerica A. Virginia adopts slavery B. Slave experience C. Slave and servants D. Anthony Johnson E. Slavery in the northern colonies F. Virginias becomes a slave society Current Lecture• Most slaves were indentured servants in the beginning and would get passage to America and if the survived could acquire their own land aftertheir term was over-not so different from slaves • The arrival of slavery replaced indentured servants in Virginia • Slavery existed in Western Africa and the Mediterranean world longbefore Virginia • Slaves were those who lost wars or were being punished • Slave was not race based or hereditary • There was a slave trade in Africa • Triangular Trade: Slave traders in Africa noticed how much Europeans wanted slaves and how much they wanted European goods (rum, weapons, clothes) and colonists goods (rice, tobacco, sugar) • England was becoming industrialized and was manufacturing goods • Atlantic slave trade lasted from the middle of the 1400s to the 1800s• There was at least 10 million slaves, which changed how large theslave trade was • Portuguese first began trafficking slaves would conduct raids innorthern Africa and capture them• At first they were domestic servants for families, but picked upwith the discovery of the Americas • The horror story of slavery begins before they make it to America • Could take up to 6 months to arrive in America • Slaves were captured, shackled together, and brought to thecoast to be shipped • The slaves would be carrying other goods and would get diseasesbefore they were purchased • Most Africans had never seen a white person/European but hadheard stories just like the settlers had with the Indians • The Africans and already heard that the white people were cannibals so when a buyer would lick their chin to determine if they were healthy, it would prove their assumptions Middle Passage:• At the first sight of disease, slaves were thrown overboard before it couldspread • Crammed as many slaves as they could on the ship, would keep them atbasic health level, and diseases could ruin an entire cargo • The slaves believed that in death their should would be returned to theirvillages, so death was a way of escaping • 1/3 to 1/2 of the slaves would die on the passage Slavery in America:• Early Virginia symbolized the potential that couldn't be given in England • Major slave motivations: economic-there was more sense to buy slaves because it was no longer easy to find indentured servants and England’s economy had picked up so no one wanted to come, Pennsylvania and New York had started offering 100 acres instead of 50 in the headlight system trying to get people to come over; Virginias life expectancy increased so it made more sense to buy a life-long servant • In 1650 there was about 300 slaves in Virginia and by 1700 there was13,000; by 1750 there was about 150,000 (40% of the population)• At first slaves weren't treated different from indentured servants andthere were no race line • There were no laws differentiating a black slave and a white servant-they did the same work, worked together, some slaves were freed after a given amount of time, slaves were given a small plot of land to do what they wanted with it and to feed themselves with, they could grow surpluses to sell in order to buy their own freedom, free blacks could trade and own weapons, and they married white women• Anthony Johnson: He was a typical early virginian, he was black and had once been a slave, he was brought over from a Spanish or Portuguese country which is how he had received his name, he had earned his freedom and began to thrive, by 1661 he owned a 250 acreplantation and owned at least one slave of his own, after a fire in 1653he petitioned for tex relief and got it, when a white boy stole his slavehe sued him and won, he showed that slavery and race weren't yet intertwined • Racism still existed and they held the same beliefs they had withthe Indians that they were uncivilized • major difference between servants and slaves was that white peoplecouldn't be held for life • Virginia began as a society with slaves where slavery existed but it wasjust one form of labor, so slaves weren't critical to the economy; allcolonies had slaves • Norther societies were always societies with slaves and decreased as you went up the coast; they wouldn't be any different if there hadn't been any slaves; would remain societies with slaves until the revolution • By 1660s and 1670s Virginia began to transition into a slave society • A slave society is when race based slavery became critical in society and would be completely different if slavery had not existed, whites and blacks were all regimented into different fields of work and societies, the lowest jobs were for blacks, the biggest slave holders with the most amount of land were the elite, slaves had no more options to regain their freedom, society was thoroughly racialized throughout, and they began to develop legal codes based on