Hist 1501 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture I. James Madison Nationalist AgendaA. John C Calhoun B. National Republican C. Second Bank of the United States (1816) D. National RoadE. “American System”F. Henry ClayII. Market Revolution A. TechnologyB. TransportationC. McCormick ReaperD. Printing TechnologiesIII. IndustrializationA. Lowell MAB. CottonC. Rise of American Working ClassD. UnionizationOutline of Current Lecture IV. Jacksonian DemocracyA. DemocratizationB. John Quincy AdamsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.C. 1828 Election: Democratic Republicans v.s National Republi-cansD. Limits of Jacksonian Democracy: “Trail of Tears”E. Nullification Crisis: Force BillF. Bank WarG. Second Bank of the United States H. Nicholas BiddleV. Whig Party A. William Henry Harrison B. Second Party System: Democrats v.s Whigs Current Lecture•Democracy represented the government of the worst•Democratic effects: all men are created equal, voting (lowering property re-quirements)•Tax payer requirements in order to vote, some universal white male suf-frage•High requirements to run for office•Changes America in the fact that politicians have to appeal to everyday Americans and not just rely on their good names•People were clearly running on party tickets •Organized political campaigns•Had to present themselves as everyday people •In 1824 after Monroe steps down there was an open playing field for run-ning for election-new generation with new campaign•Andrew Jackson was a military hero, fits new democratic ideals, doesn't have an elitists family/wasn’t born into wealth•Played up Western background •Was a front runner in 1824-all four were republicans •Jackson won the most popular and electoral votes but didn't win majority (>50%) in four way race, so Congress voted to choose president•John Quincy Adams came from a well established family and could better work the House of Representatives and won the election of 1824•Jackson supporters were furious and said the election was taken away from the common people•John Quincy Adams doesn't get much doe in his term because he was stonewalled and said congressmen were vein hampered by the will of their constituents (they weren't republicans)•Jackson celebrated his lack of formal education and how component is •“Adams can write but Jackson can fight”•Jackson ran as a democratic republican and Adams ran as a national repub-lican in 1828•Each party had their own State Committees and newspapers•Eventually democratic republicans dropped the republican and it was the beginning of modern democrats•Jackson won the election in 1828•Jackson open the doors of the white house for his inauguration •The white house was trashed when people were trying to see Jackson•Limits of Jacksonian Democracy: women still couldn't vote, african ameri-cans were excluded from democratization (when NY rewrote their constitu-tion in 1821 it abolished property restrictions to vote for all white men but gave more restrictions of black men so they couldn't vote), lack of democ-racy with native americans (no room for native americans in America-for white males-in 1830 there was an indian removal-could seize land from In-dians within existing states), trail of tears-forcing Indians to march all the way to Oklahoma leaving everything behind (1/4 die)•Further solidifies slavery and cotton in the south•Jackson wants most power in the states•Jackson was contradictory when there are disagreements between States and the Federal government and Jackson family took the side of the states •Nacional Crisis= tariffs on imported goods, new high tariffs were created (discriminated against people)-thought it would help New England at the expense of South Carolina-was unconstitutional•Congress could impose tariffs to raise money but not expense of another state•South Carolina vowed to reject the tariff •John C. Calhoun was Jacksons vice president and had significantly started to change into a states rights advocate and jeffersonian republican•Calhoun chose South Carolina over the vice presidency•Intellectual leader against the tariffs•States could nullify federal laws if it is not constitutional •Challenge of authority to federal government and supreme court•South Carolina nullified the tariffs and wouldn't enforce them•Jackson was furious and lashed out with the federal power and said that Calhoun was leading them to anarchy•Congress created a force bill that allowed Jackson to uphold the tariffs through force•South Carolina backed down and accepted the tariffs •Republicanism emphasized the power of the people: Democratization em-pathize the people•Small steps to the civil war•Jackson hated the bank with his democratic party because it was a tool for the wealthy and wanted to destroy the bank•Nicholas Biddle: President of the bank•1932 was an election between Jackson and Henry Clay•Henry Clay and Nicholas Biddle conspired together to use the bank against Jackson as a campaign issue by asking Congress to recharter the bank early and Jackson would veto•But Jackson was better at politics and twisted the issue to his side and Jack-son won-got to his head and vowed to destroy the bank in 1836 she it was up for recharter•Withdrew all federal funds and put them elsewhere•Jackson was risking the economy of the U.S through his personal vendetta to destroy the