Hist 1501 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I.Issues Raised by Stamp ActA. Sovereignty and the colonies place in the empireB. Virtual Representation C. Internal vs external taxesII. Townshend ActsA. Non-importationB. “Boston Massacre”III. Tea ActA. Boston Tea PartyB. Coercive Acts/Intolerable ActsC. First Continental CongressOutline of Current Lecture IV. Coercive Acts/Intolerable ActsA. First Continental CongressB. War Begins: Concord and LexingtonV. Second Continental Congress: May 1775A. Continental Army B. Olive Branch Petition C. Declaration of the causes and necessities of taking up arms VI. Virginia A. Lord DunmoreThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.B. South Carolina: IndependenceC. Paine, Common Sense D. Declaration of Independence Current Lecture•Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts: gave more power to the governor, under-mined the power of the assembly of Massachusetts, closed Boston ports, and like to out right resistance because of the past•Colonists started to ignore Gov. Gage•In the fall of 1774 Gage didn't call the assembly into session, so they moved clay miles away to Concorde and a clear themselves the legitimate government of Concord•They took control of the militia and told the other colonist they should sendthe money to Concord•Other colonies were getting annoyed with Boston but realized they had to support them•In September seventeen seventy four twelve of the 13 colonies and then Philadelphia for the First Continental Congress to create a way to respond to Britain •Colonies out to sport Massachusetts and resistance of the coercive acts, forGary for another round of importation, acknowledge Government in Con-cord, send another conclusion (nonimportation will help those in that for buying too much and put economic pressure on England)•Beyond nonimportation they threaten non-exportation (giving away British goods)•They agree to meet again May 1775 to give time for a response•Concord is starting to amass gunpowder and weapons and Gage recognizesthis is serious and corresponds back to London asking for a real army to help subdue (wants about 20,000 soldiers)•London continues to believe it is no different from the previous times and Gage is exaggerating•April 1775 Gage is ordered to break up rogue assembly in Concord (wants to seize gunpowder but thinks he needs more people)•On the way he gets into a battle of militiamen and the revolution begins•Affects the way British-Americans think about the crisis•Less open to rebellion in other colonies like changes after Lexington and Concord and pushes them closer to independence (won’t ask for indepen-dence for another year)•Britain is dumbfounded by what is going on but after fighting happens they realize they need to prepare for war and armed conflict in April 1775•And meant 1775 they find there is a war going on in Congress meets again and decide to form a Continental Army-Massachusetts militia will be the core and other colonies will send soldiers to them•Washington will be the commander because he is a Virginian and it can't just be A Massachusetts problem and Virginia is the most populous and old-est colony•Drew up the olive branch petition to send to the king on July 5, 1775 as a desperate plea for peace and want for protection from the “tyrannical” Par-liament•Colonists also wrote the declaration of the causes and necessity of taking up arms•The king sees both at the same time as he hears about the first major bat-tle of the war and demonstrates that the colonists don't know what they want•A lot of colonists are fighting to go back to the 1773 salutary neglect but in-dependent is starting to be asked for by few people•Parliaments horrified at the thought of independence•Wealthy elite Virginians eventually want independence because Virginia is aslave society (about 40% slaves) even though they could lose their wealth life property and freedom•Lord Dunmore (Virginia Gov.) still Virginia's gunpowder and puts it on a shipin the middle of the night infuriating the colonists and provoking an angry mob to return the gunpowder•People were dumbfounded when delegation allowed Dunmore to keep gun-powder after he threatened freeing the slaves to form A force against them-very effective in short-term•Backfires in the long-term because it alienated White elite and push them closer to rebellion•In November 1775 Dunmore brings an army and promises freedom to slaves who will run away and join his forces (about 1000 slaves)-called an Ethiopian Regiment•In 1776 Dunmore is defeated and has to flee and give up on Virginia•Virginia is now radicalized•South Carolina feared that their governor would do the same thing as what happened in Virginia and have an even bigger slave majority•They were conservative and were reluctant to join revolutionary forces by March 1776 they were the first to declare Independence and create their own constitution•The goal is to maintain order and the status quo•Said it d didn't need to be permanent and would resend their constitution if they could go back to how it was in 1773•Thomas Paine Common Sense-he was a political radical figure of the en-lightenment, wrote to convince the idea of independence•In January 1776 most colonists were reluctant to accept the idea of inde-pendence•Paine wanted to undermine the traditional idea of monarchy saying the re-lationship is spoiled and they can't go back to the way it was before•Thinks they can build something better than monarchy•Common sense went through 27 printings and was in everyday language so people can read and understand it•Not everybody accepted Thomas Paine•Loyalty to the monarchy was what was keeping people from calling for in-dependence •By spring of 1776 independent colonies were declaring independence•Sets the stage for national Declaration of Independence•Thomas Jefferson (writer) Took the ideas of each state declarations and found common ground and drafted the Declaration of Independence•July 1776-August Congress approves the Declaration of Independence•Finally goes beyond just attacking parliament directly attacks the king and blames him for the