Hist 1501 1st Edition Lecture 17Outline of Last Lecture I. Constitution ContinuedA. RatificationB. Federalists V.s. Anti-federalistsC. Bill of RightsII. Did Women have a Revolution?A. Women’s role in the revolutionB. “Republican Motherhood”III. Post-colonial America: “Becoming American”A. American History: David Ramsay, “The History of the Ameri-can Revolution”B. American Art: John Trumbull-“The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker’s Hill”, “The Declaration of Independence,Philadelphia, 4 July 1776” C. American Science: Charles Wilson Peale D. Republican ArchitectureE. American Language: Noah WebsterOutline of Current Lecture IV. Creating a Government: The Washington AdministrationA. Hamilton v.s JeffersonB. Federal Assumption of DebtsC. Washington D.CThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.D. Bank of the United States V.Political Partisanship: Federalists v.s RepublicanismA. The French RevolutionB. “The Terror”C. Whiskey Rebellion (1794)Current Lecture•The government began serving in 1789 and George Washington was unani-mously chosen as President (anti-federalists believed Washington wouldn't centralize power)•How does a president act? How do you act around a President?-had to be answered•Is a president like an elected monarch? And how will it affect how the coun-try is•Prior settlement deciding what to call the president•John Adams thought “your elected presidency” and others thought “your highness”•Madison was worried that people were starting to look at the president as an 's elected King and he suggested calling him Mr. President and would be a citizen just like everybody else•Political parties were against the beliefs of the Republic and saw politicians as the best republicans•A lot of conflict broke out in Washington's administration because people did not see eye-to-eye on how the US should be shaped•Hamilton (treasury) v. Jefferson (Secretary of State)•Jefferson: weak central government (basic powers) and strong states•Hamilton:expansive federal central government, Federal government should be aligned with the wealthy to help it survive, for manufacturing intrade because it is the only way to grow the economy and they need to in-dustrialize•There is still significant debt in most states weren't paying off their debt and people are still owed for when they were a part of the army•People sold their IOU’s to speculators because they didn't believe in the government•Speculators would be paid at face value if Hamilton had his way so Americacould build up credit reputation•Jefferson said they were rewarding wealthy speculators who stole from the patriots and only wanted to pay the full price to the original debt holders not the speculators Hamilton said speculators were true patriots because they had faith in the government•James Madison was a supporter of Jefferson and feared Hamilton was mak-ing it too British and straying from republicanism and would create too much wealth inequality•Hamilton won the battle and the federal government assumed debts and paid everyone•Jefferson and Madison wanted the capital moved away from New York City because it was the business capital so it would keep wealthy from having too much influence to Washington DC because it was halfway between the north and south•DC was a swamp land and had to be built up because it wasn't near any-thing•Hamilton wanted national Bank of the United States issue more stable economy, issue loans to the federal government, and create uniform cur-rency•Jefferson and Madison oppose it because it promoted wealth inequality and is like the British • this becomes an early constitutional crisis•Jefferson and Madison were strict constructionist and took a literal meaningof the Constitution, limiting their powers•Hamilton believed the Constitution needed to be interpreted as a whole•Hamilton won the battle because he had supporters in Congress•Hamilton wanted a commercial economy and Jefferson wanted an agricul-tural one •Hamilton wanted a standing national army and Jefferson wanted a citizen militia•Hamilton was pro-British and Jefferson was pro-France•Political Divisions were created: Federalists=Hamiltonians Republicans=Jef-fersonians •Ugly political campaigns started to emerge-betrayal of American Republi-canism •In 1789 the French Revolution broke out becoming a much more radical revolution •Thomas Paine went to France and almost was executed because he was seen as too moderate•Almost all Americans supported the revolution at first and France overthrewthe monarchy to become a republic•Parisians influenced revolution and were more radical-executed political en-emies, they executed the king, and charged the king with treason•“The Terror” 1792-1794: 30,000 people were executed (2 people per minute) in the guillotine •After the terror there was a series of successful governments, then a dicta-torship with Napoleon,and then back to a monarchy•The French Revolution overthrew monarchy and aristocracy, The Terror cre-ated a higher level of violence•France overthrew powerful Catholic Church, abolished slavery, and gave fullpolitical equality for blacks•French began to rewrite history itself and changed calendars and monthly names, enlightenment •Weeks were 10 days with 3 weeks in a month to get way from the ChristianSystem, also used metric system•The power of 10 was seen as more rational: 10 hours in a day, 100 minutesin an hour, 100 seconds in a minute•Hamilton used the Terror as a reason against democracy•Whiskey Rebellion (1794) in order to raise takes the government imposed awhisky tax and this hit farmers hard because Whiskey was a type of cur-rency with the money shortage•Poor farmers saw the Whiskey tax as similar to the British and uprose by at-tacking houses•6000 people threatened to burn down Pittsburgh if the tax wasn't stopped-Republicans and Federalists blamed each other •Washington led an army of 13,000 militia as a show of force to get the rebels to back down and then pardoned them •Showed that the federal government was more powerful and