Hist 1501 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Americans in the British EmpireA. Colonial elites and American patriarchy B. “Being colonial”C. Anglicization D. CreolizationE. Cultural BackwardnessF. Economic Inferiority G. Mercantilism (Ex: Hat Act, Iron Act)H. “Dependent Masters”Outline of Current Lecture II. The EnlightenmentA. Scientific RevolutionB. Galileo Galilei, Carl Linnaeus, Isaac NewtonC. Rationalism: Disenchantment of the worldD. EncyclopédieE. PoliticsF. John Locke,Baron de MontesquieuG. British Political SystemIII. The Enlightenment in America A. GeorgiaB. Benjamin FranklinThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.C. Deism: The Jefferson BibleCurrent Lecture•The Enlightenment: an intellectual movement that began in Western Eu-rope and had a significant impact of intelligent british americans •Characteristics: enlightenment figures attempted to understand the world that goes beyond religion, the best way to understand anything in life is through science observation and experimentation rather than religion, to be skeptical of accepted knowledge, and study issues on your own and come to your own conclusions•Emmanuel Kant: dare to know•John Locke: tabula rasa-everyone is a blank slate in the shape by their environment, upbringings, and education•Progress was embraced as a good thing and was possible•Believed kind income for the gods anger was a social condition and could be improved if society was•Questioned all of societies boundaries-monarchy, aristocracy, educa-tion, childrearing, etc•Scientific revolution-began to emerge in the 1500s but became prominent in 1600s•Offered people new ways of understanding the universe and world•Galileo Galilei: the world revolves around the sun and the moon is blemished and is a big rock •Carl Linnaeus: early 1700s, began classifying the natural world (plants,animals, etc) to see their relationship of one another, binomial nomen-clature (two-name system) organizing the system of life•Isaac Newton: showed the power of treating the universe as a machinewith its own laws, studied the laws of the world and politics to improve it•Disenchantments of the world: things previously represented spirits, omens, supernatural phenomenon, and God's power but they began to see less place in the world for supernatural and more for rational thinking that could be studied and learned emphasizing reason•Encyclopédie: organized all the world's knowledge into a series of books that was easy to reference and got all the information to one place of fu-ture generations could learn it and improve upon it•Reason and philosophy where the pathways to truth and theology was turned against•Politics:•John Locke: offered a series of ideas that a government needs to you responsible to the people that governs and honor the basic rights of the people (life, liberty,property), don't need strong authoritarian gov-ernments, society has a right to impose the government that well up-hold the basic rights and the governed can change or remove it if the government does not•Baron de Montesquieu: there is no one best form of government and differs country to country, need a balance of power in the government-checks and balances-Britain has a strong parliament that checks the king and judiciary system that checks the others•British political system: already someone and land and proud of their system reflects liberty•The Enlightenment in America•Georgia-founded in 1732 as an enlightenment social experiment-A lot of people were in present for nonviolent crimes and it was believed that a so-ciety could be rehabilitated and could improve their lives, slavery and alco-hol were originally banned to help this theory•Georgians got fed up and demanded slavery and alcohol after lookingat South Carolina and the wealth that they had•Benjamin Franklin: worked on electricity, was interested in studying the world and finding a practical use for science to improve society, created a lightning rod to stop houses from catching on fire•Deism: trying to approach to religion that says there is a Creator that also created the natural laws of the universe and then steps back and allows it to run-not Christian God of the Bible and doesn't communicate with people directly, in order to know him you have to study nature and creations•The Jefferson Bible: Jefferson was a Deist and cut supernatural stuff out of the Bible, reassembled it, and turned into A rationalist Bible with a philosophist