HIST 1501 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last LectureI. European Background A. World Trade B. Renaissance C. Technology D. Political Nation-States E. Reconquista II. Early exploration: Portugal and Spain A. Canary and Madeira Island B. Slave Plantations C. Christopher Columbus III. Early exploration: Portugal and Spain A. Canary and Madeira Island B. Slave Plantations C. Christopher Columbus IV. EnglandA. Patriarchy B. Deference C. Social Turmoil Outline of Current LectureV. Jamestown (1607) A. The Virginia Company B. “Starving Time” C. Powhatan VI. Early Virginia SocietyA. “Headright System” B. Tobacco C. Indentured Servants D. Bacons Rebellion (1675) E. Assertions of Patriarchy:Colonial architecture? Current Lecture• Europeans saw Indians as lazy and uncivilized • Indians were primitive living among the animals with no technology andcanabalism • Europeans represented culture in the way they dressed, their technology,and their christianity • Europeans couldn't understand that Europeans had their own complexreligions because if it wasn't Christianity they were heathens and needed to be converted • Spain was able to quickly colonize because of disease and weapons • Columbus enslaved the Indians as soon as he arrived • The “Black Legend”- the spanish are brutes and were abusing the natives • started other European coming over to save the Indians The Virginia Company:• England was relatively poor compared to Spain and couldn't afford tosponsor their own conquest • Worked with the Virginia Company to receive the right from thecrown to establish a colony • Virginia was designed to make money for those who invested The first success was at Jamestown in 1607 and they hoped to bring richeslike Spain did • 104 settlers arrived and 9 months later only 34 wereleft (sets a pattern for year after year) • In the winter of 1609 700 people had been shipped in total and going into the winter there were 220 people, and after the winter only 60 people were left • This became known as the Starving Time • There was about a 20% survival rate in Jamestown • Europeans were catching diseases, there was swampy land,and settlers wouldn't put in enough work • The people coming to Virginia were wealthy investors of the Virginia Company who wanted gold and glory without having to work, servants who were poor urban beggars with no opportunities in England (were not accustomed to working), and blacksmiths- no one could grow corn and didn't act like the Indians • The assumption was that the Indians would feed them sincethey learned this from the Spanish and Ireland • learned this from the Spanish and Ireland • Indian tribes are united under one leader and grow enough to sustain themselves with only a little to give to the english- they had a resistance to help the English but the English saw it as them being lazy because theydidn't grow surpluses to sell. They believed they had a backwards primitive economy • It was the English Christian duty to educate the Indians on the properpatterns of land ownership, economy, and religion Indian maps showed the Indians trade and diplomatic powers with eachotherHeadright System: • In the 1610s and 1620s changes occurred in the way that land wasparceled out and the Headright System was developed • Headright System: The Virginia Company would give ownership to settlers who came over- they would receive 50 acres of land and another 50 acres automatically and if they brought servants they would receive anextra 50 acres; this gave them an incentive to make a profit • Brought a need for a commodity to sell to Europe- tobacco • As Jamestown expanded the land was less swampy, becamemore healthy, and they could grow food. • In 1624 England realizes the Virginia Company had been sendingpeople to their deaths and took Jamestown away from themmaking it a royal colony • English settlers tried to recreate patriarchy in Virginia • Deference: Owe things to those above you • elites in Virginia weren't going to be aristocrats but were goingto be gentry that were farmers and merchants • With no aristocrats there was no legal distinctions so lessdeference • 1/3 of immigrants were servants who had sold themselves tosomeone • Indentured servitude: Servants would sell themselves to a planter in Virginia for 4-7 years in exchange for passage and essentials and after that time could do what they wanted and own their own land • Tobacco started to fall by the 1660s and 70s and small farmerscouldn't survive, having to give up their land and work for others • Jamestown was expanding and for servants to get land they had tomove to the periphery- which put them at risk for Indian attacks Bacon’s Rebellion:• 1675: war breaks out on the outskirts between settlers and Indiansand many settlers were killed • Settlers were angry and wanted to fight back and getpermission to exterminate the Indians • When the governor said no to keep the peace, trade, and not giveup weapons to lower order men (it was dangerous) the settlers found an allie in Nathaniel Bacon who had beef with the governor• Bacon assumed leadership on the frontier and lead them inattacks against direct order of the governor and Bacon wasaccused of treason • Bacon stormed the city and burns Jamestown to the ground • Nathaniel Bacon died from dysentery and the movement fizzled • Results of Bacon’s Rebellion: the same powers were back in power but realized the dangers the lower class possessed, realized the commonersneeded to be treated better, and realized they weren't real aristocrats and needed to earn deference • Led attacks on Indians, lowered taxes, and elites flauntedwealth and status through architecture in huge mansions • Patriarchy was expressed in the form of architecture and thebasis of peace and harmony was that their was a clear top • Had to appease masses and earn respect but flaunt power • African slaves were now in Virginia and were a part of