PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture I. Study GuideOutline of Current Lecture II. Personality: the Uniqueness of the Individual part 1o How you define personality Definition of personalityo Personality Definition of traito Nature vs Nurture of Personality Evolution of personality Temperament and fetal Environment o How do theories Explain Personality Definition of Id Definition of Superego Definition of Ego o Psychoanalytic Theories Defense mechanisms 1. Definition of Repression a. Definition of Reaction Formation b. Definition of Regression c. Definition of Projection d. Definition of Rationalization e. Definition of Displacementf. Definition of Denial Stages of Psychosexual Development 1. Definition of oral stage2. Definition of anal stage 3. Definition of phallic stage 4. Definition of latency stage 5. Definition of genital stage Neo-Freudian 1. Alfred Adler2. Carl Jung3. Karen Horney Neuropsychoanalysis These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Humanistic-Positive Psychology Theories Humanistic theories 1. Abraham Maslow Current Lecture How would you define personality?o The word personality comes from the Latin “persona” meaning mask o Formally: the distinct patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings that characterize a person’s adaptation to lifeo Informally: the unique behavioral qualities that make you who you are Personality o What distinguishes us from one another and makes us unique o Trait Distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person Nature vs Nurture of personality o Evolutions of personality Human personality traits evolved as adaptive behavioral responses to fundamental problems of survival and reproduction Naturally selected traits are favored if they increase ones chances of survival and reproductive success o Temperament and the Fetal Environment Temperament and personality differences are manifested before birth Fetal activity and heart rate reveal something about temperament differences over the first year of life Maternal stress during pregnancy can effect an infants stress respond style How do theories explain personality o Freud’s ice berg model of personality Id: unconscious mental structure; represents biological drives Superego: ideal self-seat of moral standards amnd values Ego: Rational self; Attempts to gratify the Id in socially aporpriate ways Psychoanalytic theories o Defense mechanisms Unconscious strategies the mind uses to protect itself from anxiety by denying and distorting reality in some way anxiety by denying and distorting reality in some way.- Repression (basic defense mechanism enables all others): unknowingly placing an unpleasant memory or thought in thee unconsciouso Reaction Formation: Acting in exactly the opposite way to one’s unacceptable impulses o Regression: Reverting back to immature behavior from an earlier stage of development o Projection: Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings and thoughts to others and not yourself o Rationalization: creating false excuses for one’s unacceptable feelings, thoughts, or behaviors o Displacement: Redirecting unacceptable feelings from the original source to a safer, substitute target o Denial: Refusing to acknowledge anxiety-provoking realities o Stages of psychosexual development 1. Oral stage: First year of life sexual gratification through the mouth 2. Anal stage: year 2 pleasure derived through control of bowels 3. Phallic stage: year 3 children develop a sexual attachment to the parentof opposite sex first masturbation 4. Latency stage: year 5/6 repression of sexual impulses 5. Genital stage: puberty-initiation of intercourse o Neo-Freudian Alfred Adler (1870-1937)- Striving for superiority o Inferiority complex Compresensation Birth order Carl Jung (1875-1961) - Personal unconscious - Collective unconscious o Archetypes Shadow Anima Animus Karen Horney (1885-1952) - Basic hostility - Basic anxiety o Neuropsychoanalysis A new scientific movement started in the late 1990’s that combined Freudian ideas with neuroscientific methods Has provided some scientific support for core Freudian ideas that was absent during Freud’s lifetime Humanistic-Positive psychology theorieso Humanistic theories Optimistic about human nature Humans are interested in reasoning o Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) Father of
View Full Document