PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture I. Study GuideOutline of Current Lecture II. Personality: the Uniqueness of the Individual part 1o How you define personality  Definition of personalityo Personality Definition of traito Nature vs Nurture of Personality  Evolution of personality  Temperament and fetal Environment o How do theories Explain Personality  Definition of Id Definition of Superego  Definition of Ego o Psychoanalytic Theories  Defense mechanisms 1. Definition of Repression a. Definition of Reaction Formation b. Definition of Regression c. Definition of Projection d. Definition of Rationalization e. Definition of Displacementf. Definition of Denial  Stages of Psychosexual Development 1. Definition of oral stage2. Definition of anal stage 3. Definition of phallic stage 4. Definition of latency stage 5. Definition of genital stage  Neo-Freudian 1. Alfred Adler2. Carl Jung3. Karen Horney  Neuropsychoanalysis These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Humanistic-Positive Psychology Theories Humanistic theories 1. Abraham Maslow Current Lecture How would you define personality?o The word personality comes from the Latin “persona” meaning mask o Formally: the distinct patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings that characterize a person’s adaptation to lifeo Informally: the unique behavioral qualities that make you who you are  Personality o What distinguishes us from one another and makes us unique o Trait  Distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person Nature vs Nurture of personality o Evolutions of personality  Human personality traits evolved as adaptive behavioral responses to fundamental problems of survival and reproduction  Naturally selected traits are favored if they increase ones chances of survival and reproductive success o Temperament and the Fetal Environment  Temperament and personality differences are manifested before birth Fetal activity and heart rate reveal something about temperament differences over the first year of life  Maternal stress during pregnancy can effect an infants stress respond style  How do theories explain personality o Freud’s ice berg model of personality  Id: unconscious mental structure; represents biological drives  Superego: ideal self-seat of moral standards amnd values Ego: Rational self; Attempts to gratify the Id in socially aporpriate ways  Psychoanalytic theories o Defense mechanisms  Unconscious strategies the mind uses to protect itself from anxiety by denying and distorting reality in some way anxiety by denying and distorting reality in some way.- Repression (basic defense mechanism enables all others): unknowingly placing an unpleasant memory or thought in thee unconsciouso Reaction Formation: Acting in exactly the opposite way to one’s unacceptable impulses o Regression: Reverting back to immature behavior from an earlier stage of development o Projection: Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings and thoughts to others and not yourself o Rationalization: creating false excuses for one’s unacceptable feelings, thoughts, or behaviors o Displacement: Redirecting unacceptable feelings from the original source to a safer, substitute target o Denial: Refusing to acknowledge anxiety-provoking realities o Stages of psychosexual development  1. Oral stage: First year of life sexual gratification through the mouth  2. Anal stage: year 2 pleasure derived through control of bowels  3. Phallic stage: year 3 children develop a sexual attachment to the parentof opposite sex first masturbation  4. Latency stage: year 5/6 repression of sexual impulses  5. Genital stage: puberty-initiation of intercourse o Neo-Freudian Alfred Adler (1870-1937)- Striving for superiority o Inferiority complex Compresensation Birth order  Carl Jung (1875-1961) - Personal unconscious - Collective unconscious o Archetypes  Shadow  Anima  Animus  Karen Horney (1885-1952) - Basic hostility - Basic anxiety o Neuropsychoanalysis  A new scientific movement started in the late 1990’s that combined Freudian ideas with neuroscientific methods  Has provided some scientific support for core Freudian ideas that was absent during Freud’s lifetime  Humanistic-Positive psychology theorieso Humanistic theories  Optimistic about human nature  Humans are interested in reasoning o Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)  Father of