PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. Human Development part 3Outline of Current Lecture II. Social Psychology part 1a. Definition of Social Psychology b. How do others impact our behavior i. Definition of Social facilitation ii. Definition of Social inhibitionc. Definition of Social Loafing i. Definition of Deindividuationii. Definition of Diffusion of Responsibilityd. When diffusion of responsibility goes bad….i. Definition of Bystander affect e. Definition of Conformityf. Why i. Definition of Normative Social Influenceii. Definition of Informational Social Influence iii. Definition of group thinkg. Factors influencing Conformity h. Definition of Group Polarization i. What is Obedience i. Definition of obedience j. Influences on Obedience k. Stanford Prison Study l. Definition of Role m. Aggression n. Hot Topic o. Definition of Prosocial Behaviori. Definition of Altruism ii. Definition of Empathy-altruism hypothesisiii. Definition of Reciprocity norm Current LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Social Psychology part 1o Social Psychology: the study of how living among others influences humans thoughts, feelings, and behavior. o Topics in social psychology: Self and identity  Prejudice and discrimination  Social influences  Interpersonal Processes  Violence and aggression  Prosocial behavior o How do others impact our behavior?  Social facilitation - When the presence of others improves performance - Occurs when the task is difficult  Social inhibition - When the presence of others hinders performance - Occurs when the task is difficult o Social loafing  The tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they are part of are part of a group  Deindiviuation- the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. Diffusion of responsibility- a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when others are presentedo When diffusion of responsibility goes bad…  Bystander affect- the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to given aid if other bystanders are present  Conformity- the tendency for people to match their attitudes or behavior to match that of the group o Why  Normative social Influence - We want to gain acceptance into the group  Informational social influence - Other are seen who know better than you  Group think- Mode of thinking in which the desire to keep harmony within the group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives o Factors Influencing Conformity  Administration of the group  Direct pressure/ ridicule  Group size (at least 3 people) Presence or absence of dissenters  Cultural norms/ values Personal traits/ values - The person still matters!o Group Polarization  The strengthening of a group’s prevailing opinion about a topic following group discussion about topico What is Obedience? Obedience: Behavior following the rule or instructions of those with authorityo Influences on Obedience  Authority of experimenter  Location of Experimenter  Location of victim  Disobedient peers - Consider cases of “civil disobedience”o Stanford Prison Study  Procedure:- Subjects randomly assigned to role of guard or prisoner o Prison clothes and numbers used to reduce indiviuallity Results:- Guards began to:o Treat prisoners cruellyo Give harsh punishments o Become increasingly sadistic - Many Prisoners began to display signs of:o Depression/ hopelessness o Anger/ Rebellion- Study stopped earlyo Lasted 6 out of 14 days o Roles: a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave o Aggression  Genetic, neural, biochemical influences  Social influences  Frustration-aggression principle o Hot Topic  Violent video games:- An increase in aggressive behavior - Increased physiological arousal- Increased thoughts and feelings related to aggressiono Prosocial Behavior  Voluntary behavior intended to benefit another person or society  Altruism: the belief or practice selfless concern for the well- being of others  Empathy-altruism hypothesis- People will help others selflessly only when they feel empathy for them  Reciprocity norm - The expectations that people will help those who have helped