PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Current Lecture Biological and Psychology and Neuroscienceo Phineas Gageo Brain Damageo Broca’s “Tan”o Mosso’s Church Bells o Your selfish braino Structure o Complexity o Neurons o Neural Communicationo Communication Definition of synapse Definition of neurotransmitters Current Lecture Biological and Psychology and Neuroscienceo Phineas Gage Gage was a railroad foreman who had a tamping iron shoot through his skill Gage walked away from the accident seemingly intact Profanity, irresponsibility, lying, and inability to plan for the future.o Brain Damage From Gage, we gained insight into the frontal lobes Inference from studies of those who experience brain damage.- Traumatic injury, stroke, lesion, disease, infection, etc. Your brain is the most complex thing in the known universe.o Broca’s “Tan” Around the same time that gage had his accident Left hemisphere behind frontal, in frontal of temporal Unable to form words (produce language) Paralysis on right side of body (next to motor)o Mosso’s Church BellsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Angelo Mosso, an Italian physiologist had a patient who sustained a head injury Bells rang = brain pulsed - Asked questions with memories, or complex problems- Frontal lobe and blood flow to the brain that is active o Your selfish brain Avg. Weight =3 lbs.- 100 billion neurons, each linked to as many as 10,000 others. Brain tissue burns only pure glucose, with little capacity for reserves. Adults: 2% of body weight, but 20% of oxygen and glucose. At birth: 10% of body weight, 65% of energy o Structure The brain is encased in a thick skull and 3 membranes- Dura matter- Arachnoid - Pia matter Cerebrospinal fluid (CFS)- Without CFS, the brain would collapse- Also used as a buffer and a cleaner Brain tissue has no pain receptors - Most brain surgeries are conducted with the patient felly alert. o Complexity The complexity of our brain lies in the folds (gyril).- Largest brain = sperm whale (~ 20 pounds)- Largest encephalization quotient (EQ) = the shrew (10%) - Largest surface area to mass ratio = humanso Neurons The nervous system is made up of neurons and glial cells.- Neurons are communicative; receive (and send) messenger from external sources and other neurons - Glial cells are multi-purpose Neuron Anatomy - Cell body - Dendrites - Axon/ terminals - Myelino Neural Communication Two types:- Afferent (sensory)- Efferent (motor) Luigi Galvani- Electrical stimulation of frog legs Cell “firing” is electric within the neuron - When a neuron receives enough excitation, it fires an action potential.- Travels from cell body down axon to terminal.o Communication Synapse: tiny gap between neurons Comm. From neuron to neuron is chemical Neurotransmitters: Chemicals involved in transmissions between cells - Can be excitatory or
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