PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Sensation and Perception Outline of Current Lecture II. Memorya. Type of Memory i. Definition of Explicit 1. Definition of Episodica. Definition of flashbulb memory 2. Definition of Sematicii. Definition of Implicit1. Definition of priming iii. Definition of Retrospective memory iv. Definition of prospective memory 1. Definition of Habitual 2. Definition of event- based3. Definition of time-basedb. Smartphones and intelligencec. The Stroop Effect i. Definition of Automatic ii. Definition of controlled d. Memory Processes i. Definition of encoding ii. Definition of storageiii. Definition of retrievale. Kim PeekCurrent Lecture Memory o Some people are truly extraordinary  Savants, mnemonics, eidetic imageso Alexander Luria had a patient called “S” who had an uncontrollable ability to create and remember associations Luria didn’t believe him  S could study a list of 75 words and recite them perfectly backwards 5yrs. later These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Luria asked S to remember an equation - S took 7min to make up a story to remember the equation - 15yrs later, S recalled it without mistakes o RajanMahadevan Can examine a 20x20 array of digits for 30 sec. and reproduce it (6monthslater) Recited pi (mistakes on the 31,812th digit) Akira Haraguchi on the 100,000 digits Types Of Memory o Explicit : declarative memory  Info available for conscious recollection  “knowing that” 2 sub-types: episodic and semantic - Episodic : “I remember” memories; autobiographical, personal events; memory formed after a single-experience when and where are important o Flash Bulb memory : unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events; as time goes by, our confidence increases, accuracy decreases- Semantic: “I know” memory; general world knowledge o 1. Conceptual – what is a dog? o 2. Functional – what are pencils for?o 3. Factual – how many states are there?o 4. Language - words, meaning, syntax may require repeated experiences; time, place, emotion not necessarilyincluded o Implicit: memories; non-declarative, or “procedural knowing how” Ride bike, drive car, tie shoe, eating, sports, etc. Different from explicit:- Not avail. For conscious recall - “when” and “where” are irrelevant - Requires repeated exposure Priming: a special instance of implicit memory - The (more or less) automatic activation of associations in memory that appear as a result of repetition /unconscious cues- “auto-pilot”, alphabet, national anthem, favorite song, dialing a phone numbero Retrospective memory: recalling of info prev. learned  Episodic, semantic, implicit o Prospective memory: remembering to do things in the future Habitual: pack a lunch before work Even-based: take medicine after dinner  Time-based: watch hockey game at 1:30 Smartphones and intelligenceo Are smartphones making people dumb? Not necessary… helps us use our limited capacity short-term memory more efficiently  “Google effects on memory” - Do people automatically google the answer to a difficult question?- Do people optimize memory encoding based on the available of ext. memory aids? The Stoop Effect (reading colors)o Automatic vs. controlled processing Automatic (or overlearned) processes require no attention; can be carriedout in parallel with other processes Controlled processes require attention; are carried out serially  Memory processes o Encoding: involves forming a memory code  Visual, acoustic, and semantic codes o Storage: involves maintaining encoded info in memory over time o Retrieval: involves recovering info form memory stores Cues are use (necessary?) to retrieve info  Kim Peek o Remain character was based on o Calendar calculationso Daniel Tammet (memory arose from seizure at age 3) Synthenesia Stunning mental calculations