PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. Research Methods and Statistics continueOutline of Current Lecture II. Theories of Learning a. Definition of learning b. The tale of “Little Albert” i. Classical conditioning c. Pavlov’s Dogs Conditioning Reflexes d. Extinction and Recovery i. Definition of Extinctionii. Definition of Spontaneous Recoverye. Generalizationi. Definition of salient feature f. Operant Conditioning g. Observational Learning Current Lecture Theories of learning o Learning: any relatively-permanent change in thought or behavior as a result of experience.o The tale of “Little Albert” IN 1920, at 11 months, Albert was recruited for experiments carried out by John B. Watson Albert was a “healthy, unemotional child who rarely cried.” Watson wanted to “classically condition” fear. Classical Conditioning- In classical conditioning as association is learned between two previously unrelated stimuli- Neutral stimulus turns into a condition stimuluso Pavlov’s Dogs: Conditioning Reflexes Pavlov studied neural receptors in the mouth responsible for salivation He was constantly annoyed by unpredictable salivation He learned that he had to classical condition the dogs so they would no longer have unpredicted salivationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Extinction and Recovery Extinction: in the absence of the UCS (unconditional stimulus) the CS (conditioned stimulus) loses its ability to invoke the CR ( conditioned response) Spontaneous Recovery: Recurrence often extinguished responses after a delay o Generalization In conditioning stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus will also elicit the conditioned response. Salient feature: is the thing that pops out.o Operant Conditioning A Simple form of learning wherein an organism engages in behavior because of the effects of said behavior - Probability of preforming is increased if it is followed by reinforcement and decreased is followed by punishment - Reinforcement and punishment can both be either positive or negativeo Positive: something addedo Negative: Something taken away o Observational Learning If we watch someone preform a behavior for which they are reinforced, thus increasing our likelihood of preforming the
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