PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Memory ProcessesOutline of Current Lecture II. Memory part 2a. Bartlett (1932)i. Definition of reconstructive 1. Definition of schema b. Loftus and Palmer (1974)i. Definition of the misinformation effect III. Categories and Concepts part 1 a. From biology to cognition b. How to function in a Complex world!i. Definition of concept ii. Definition of conceptualization iii. Definition of prototype c. Prototypes and Aesthetics i. Galton (1880)Current Lecture Memory part 2 o Bartlett (1932) had participants read a strange, Native American story 15min later, they were asked to recall it, also a week later Participants omitted infothat didn’t make sense Reshaped story to British fairy tale structure Changed the story to a greater extent with the passage of time Memory is Reconstructive - We interoperate and recall events through the lens of a “schema”o Schema: frequency encountered event and structures o Inconsistent ideas are forgotten/ altered o Loftus and Palmer (1974) showed people a filmed car accident Later they were asked how fast the car was going (using different verbs contacted, bumped, hit, smashed, etc.) The more violent the word, the faster the car was going (the question reconstructs memory)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. The Misinformation Effect: misleading info becomes incorporated into thereconstruction of an event memory - The effect increases as time passes, when the rues is more subtle,when people are emotional, when questioning children or elderly Categories and Concepts o From biology to cognition Is the brain energy efficient? No (2% body weight, 20% of oxygen/ glucose What does classical conditioning look like in the brain?- “neurons that fire together, wire together allows us to predict the future What’s the purpose of attention? To filter out irrelevant sensations We are equipped to function efficiently in a complex environment o How to function in a complex world! “Chunk” environmental info. To make it more easily organized and remembered - By dividing the world into classes of things we decrease the amount of info we need to learn, perceive, remember, and recognize - Concept: a mental category for elements of or environment (or imagination) that share properties - What if we had no concepts? Each object would be unique, no generalization, impossible to problem solve- Conceptualization: dog vs. golden retriever - Prototype: the best example or the average/ central tendency of a category o Prototypes and Aesthetics People tend to prefer prototypical category members Galton (1880) discovered a weird phenomenon while playing with photographic composites, fingerprints- The Jewish type, criminal type, doctor type Langlois and Roggman (1990) studied attractiveness ratings for faces that increased in
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