PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 24Outline of Last Lecture I. Psychological Disorders part 1Outline of Current Lecture II. Psychological Disorders part 2o Somatoform Disorders  Somatization Disorders  Hypochondriasiso Personality Disorders III. Treatment of Psychology part 1 o Three major approaches to treatment o Drug therapies o Prefrontal lobotomy o Electric and magnetic therapies o Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation o Deep Brain Stimulation for the treatment of severe depression o Effectiveness of biological treatments Current Lecture Psychological Disorders o Somatoform Disorders  Somatization Disorder - Somatoform disorders are marked by physical or bodily that mimicphysical diseases, but have no known physical cause or medical basis - Somatization disorder o Multiple physical ailments affecting several different body parts and systems o Much more common in women than in men o “hysteria” - Hypochondriasis o A pervasive and debilitating fear of suffering from serious physical illness although none is found by a medical professional These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Misperception, exaggeration, and obsession with even minor physical symptoms  “Cyberchondriacs”- Googling you sickness o Personality Disorders  Schizoid personality disorder - Wants a solitary life - Disinterested in close, social relationships - Emotionally aloof - Reclusive - Humorless  Schrizotypical personality disorder - Isolated and asocial - Has very odd thoughts and beliefs - Might think that stories in the newspaper or on the news are written directly about then  Paranoid personality disorder - Extremely suspicious and mistrust of other peoples in ways that are both unwanted and not adaptive - Test loyalty of their friends and lovers - Hold grudges for a long time  Histrionic personality disorder - Want to be the center of attention - Dramatic, seductive, flamboyant, and exaggerated behavior - Emotional - Intense - Self-centered - Shallow in emotions and relationships  Borderline personality disorder - Out-of-control emotions- Fear of abandonment - Vacillate between idealizing and despising those who are close to them - Likely to hurt themselves or suffer from eating and/or substance abuse disorders  Narcissistic personality disorder - Extremely positive and arrogant self-image - Attention is self-focused - Exaggerated sense of self-importance and grandiosity  Antisocial personality disorder - Impulsive- Deceptive - Violent - Ruthless behavior - Callous - Engage in criminal behavior  Avoidant personality disorder - Afraid of being criticized - Avoid interacting with others - Become socially isolated - Feel inadequate - Have low self-esteem  Dependent personality disorder - Fear being rejected - Strong need to be cared for from clingy and dependent relationships with others- Feel safe only in relationships but tend to drive others away, because they are too demanding  Obsessive – compulsive personality disorder - Very rigid in habits - Extremely perfectionistic - More general than obsessive-compulsive disorder  Treatment of physical disorderso Three major approaches to treatment  Treatments for psychological disorders - Biological treatments o Drug therapy o Psychosurgery o Electric and magnetic therapies - Psychological treatments o Psychodynamico Humanistic o Behavioral o Cognitive behavioralo Group - Combined treatments o Drugs + psychotherapyo Integrative therapies o Mindfulness + psychotherapy o Drug therapies  Drugs can be used to treat, though not always cure, a wide variety of psychological disorders Drug treatments for mood and anxiety disorders - Monoamine oxides (MAO) inhibitors - Tricyclic antidepressants- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)o Prefrontal Lobotomy  Connections were severed between the prefrontal cortex and the lower portion of the brain - Thought to modify behavior and possibly disengage disruptive though patterns involved in hallucinations and confused thinking - Produced profound problems - Had the danger of leading to a vegetative state o Electric and Magnetic therapies  Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - Is still practiced for treatment of severe depression - Produces a brief seizure - Can create some permanent memory loss and other cognitive damage, which can be reduced by using ECT on one side of the brain rather than botho Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation  Involves exposure of specific brain structures to bursts of high-intensity magnetic fields instead of electricity  Can reduce symptoms:- Severe depression - Some negative symptoms of schizophrenia o Deep Brain stimulations for treatment of severe depression  Neural switch for depression, known as Broadmann’s Area 25, was discovered by neurologist Helen Mayberg Area 25 is located in the prefrontal cortex, and is surrounded by the limbic system  Deep stimulation of Area 25 can provide sudden relief from depression o Effectiveness of biological treatments  SSRIs and tricyclics are equally effective for depression, have the fewest adverse effects, and are better tolerated for long term use  Lithium’s effectiveness in treating acute phase of mania is weak WHAT WORKS - Traditional and atypical antipsychotic drugs work best on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia - Electroconvulsive therapy is effective only as long as treatments are maintained, but memory is