COMM 415 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I Interactive Aspects of Gesture and Body Movement Outline of Current Lecture II Gaze is III Functions of Gaze IV Behavioral Terminology V Encoding a individual differences b speaker and listener roles VI Decoding Current Lecture GAZE I Gaze is A salient attention getting B arousing physiologically C involving draws us in psychological involvement II Functions of Gaze A PRIMARY regulation of information input B attraction 1 when someone is looking at us we infer they like us more C dominance threat III Behavioral Terminology A gaze or face directed gaze B gaze aversion C mutual gaze IV Encoding A Kendon 1967 1 total gaze during conversation 18 70 These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 2 looking while speaking 20 65 3 looking while listening 30 80 4 mutual gaze 10 30 B individual differences 1 sex a females show more gaze than males even from infancy b female visual monitoring looking at others in environment 2 age a youngest and oldest make most gaze versus middle aged individuals 3 personality traits gaze a extroversion b introversion gaze aversion c self monitoring careful attention to environment aware of perception on other people d social anxiety fear of social situations driven by the expectation that you will not be able to successfully make the impression you want to make gaze aversion e social anxiety gaze aversion participants viewed video clips 13 involved positive social feedback 13 negative social feedback computerized eye tracking system people with social anxiety disorder exhibited greater global gaze avoidance in response to both the positive and negative video clips compared to controls 6 dominance need for power status tendency to break rules of gaze dominant vs submissive dominant breaks gaze first 7 need for affiliation strong desire for interaction uncomfortable being alone D2L image graph c speaker listener roles 1 of Looking while Listening LL is greater than the of Looking while Speaking LS 2 LL is the norm of attentiveness showing you are engaged 3 look away at beginning of speaking turn and look toward at end of turn 4 using gaze to manage cognitive load a abstract shapes described to children adults b children made more correct responses when looking at the floor during description versus those who made eye contact with the adult describing the shape c adults performed equally well when looking at the floor or face of speaker during description d looking at another s face increases cognitive load e we manage this by looking away during mentally challenging tasks 5 Breed Colaiuta 1974 1 sampled the visual attentiveness of college students in social psychology lectures 2 samples were 20 seconds per class for 15 class sessions 3 those who received the highest midterm and final exam scores spent more time looking at the instructor and less time looking around than those who performed more poorly V Decoding A decoding gaze 1 anxiety 2 credibility competence intelligence gaze is not a reliable tell all 3 decoders believe you if you make eye contact gaze manipulation 4 attractiveness someone is attractive is they are making eye contact with us a gaze and perceptions of attractiveness viewed 40 photos of unfamiliar models brain activity monitored with functional magnetic resonance imaging brain activity in ventral striatum is positively correlated with perceptions of attractiveness 1 ventral striatum associated with rewards prediction this region of the brain is activated when decoding gaze
View Full Document
Unlocking...