HIST 2112 1ST Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I The Legacy of the New Deal II Paul Conkin The New Deal III IV V VI VII VIII IX Japanese invade Manchuria Fascism National Socialist German Workers Party NAZI 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia 1936 Rome Berlin Axis 1937 Japanese invade China 1938 Hitler s expansion Outline of Current Lecture X 1939 Germans occupy Czechoslovakia and German area of Lithuania XI Neutrality Acts XII XIII XIV XV XVI June 1940 Fall of France 1941 Japanese invade French Indochina December 7 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor Second Front Battle of Stalingrad Current Lecture 10 17 13 The Second World War 1939 Germans occupy Czechoslovakia and German area of Lithuania Hitler is moving to the East Fascism all about the state so lots of distrust between countries Soviet Union Joseph Stalin communism discussed alliance with Britain France and US because he doesn t trust Hitler However US Britain and France don t trust Stalin These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Soviet Union and Germany announce a pact Nazi Soviet Pact After the agreement Germans invade Poland September 1 1939 Polish Corridor Blitzkrieg means lightning war Blitzkrieg was first used by the Germans in the invasion of Poland A tactic based on speed and surprise and needed a military force to be based around light tank units supported by planes and foot soldiers Britain and France have a treaty agreement with Poland which forces them into war Neutrality Acts The United States Government enacted a series of laws designed to prevent the United States from being involved in a foreign war by clearly stating the terms of U S neutrality Critics argued that bankers and munitions traders had driven U S involvement in the First World War with business interests in Europe These findings fueled a growing isolationist movement that argued the United States should steer clear of future wars and remain neutral by avoiding financial deals with countries at war 1935 no war materials to belligerent nations travel at your own risk ships were dangerous and open targets did NOT want to repeat WWI 1936 no loans to belligerent nations 1937 non military exports to belligerent nations allowed but only on cash and carry only for safety of US no loans or debts were allowed and no travel no delivery revised because US economy needed a boost Quarantine speech given by FDR Called for an international quarantine of the aggressor nations as an alternative to the political mood of American neutrality and isolationism The speech intensified America s isolationist mood causing protest by isolationists and foes to intervention 1939 now Americans can sell arms to belligerent nations on cash and carry only really only Britain and France could obtain because of the blockade The Neutrality Acts became irrelevant once the United States joined the Allies in the fight against Nazi Germany and Japan in December 1941 June 1940 Fall of France 1940 US makes a deal with Britain to exchange destroyers for bases which bolsters Britain war effort 1941 Britain needs more help thus FDR secures the passage of the Land Lease Act which allowed to lend to nations fighting aggressor nations Principal means for providing U S military aid to foreign nations during World War II Britain the Soviet Union China Brazil and many other countries Given to the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States Priming activity for the economy Helps us pull out of Great Depression However brought US closer to war Arsenal of democracy a slogan used by U S President Franklin D Roosevelt in a radio broadcast delivered on December 29 1940 Roosevelt promised to help the United Kingdom fight Nazi Germany by giving them military supplies while the United States stayed out of the actual fighting 1941 Germans invade Russia Hitler turns on Ally Stalin 1941 Japanese invade French Indochina Aggressively expanding for strategic purposes Congress approves freezing of Japanese asses Cut off petroleum scrap iron and steel embargo Japanese find resources elsewhere December 7 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor A date which will live in infamy FDR Created immediate outrage US s mistake US planned for attack in the Philippines so they moved ships to Pearl Harbor Hawaii Surprise attack Japanese loading planes had open target Hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor near Honolulu Hawaii The attack was intended as a preventive action in order to keep the U S Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions the Japan was planning in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of Britain the Netherlands and the US FDR accused of not doing anything Congress gives FDR declaration of War Hitler declares war on US Second Front Second front Stalin s wish for the western allies open another front in Europe in 1942 against the Germans to take the pressure of the Russians on the Eastern Front He wanted the Allies to invade mainland Europe as soon as possible to force the Germans to withdraw some of their troops from the Eastern Front Stalin is somewhat partnered with Allies but only to fight against Hitler no trust US and Britain are slow on need for second front in Europe Churchill proposes he could keep casualties down by attacking Germany through the soft underbelly of Italy rather than the cross channel invasion through France advocated by both the Americans and Canadians Germany went after North Africa and Rome Allies defeated Axis Powers in North Africa allowing Churchill s plan to ensue Battle of Stalingrad German forces were slowing down in advances November 1942 Febuary 1943 Russian counterattack The successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad in the U S S R German retreats from Russia Germans seem vulnerable Marked the turning of the tide of war in favor of the Allies The Battle of Stalingrad was one of the bloodiest battles in history with combined military and civilian casualties of nearly 2 million