HIST 2112 1ST Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I By the End of 1890s II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X 1890 Hawaii loses favored trade status 1895 Cuban insurrection against Spain 1898 Remember the Maine To Hell with Spain 1899 Philippine Insurrection 1901 Platt Amendment Philippines Lead to China Building the Panama Canal a 1901 Hay Pauncefote Treaty b 1903 Hay Bunau Varilla Treaty I took Panama while Congress debated it 1905 Russo Japanese War Outline of Current Lecture XI Revisit of Last Lecture new information not covered previously XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII 1906 San Francisco Yellow Peril 1907 1909 Great White Fleet 1870 71 Franco Prussian War a Real Root Cause of WWI 1905 Lines of Allegiance Solidified 1914 Triggering Event of War 1915 Lusitania sunk by German U Boat 1916 Sussex Pledge 1917 February Zimmerman Note April 1917 Woodrow Wilson US Enters War November 1917 Russian Revolution March 1918 Separate Peace Current Lecture 9 19 13 America and the Great War Causes of WWI Revisit of Last Lecture new information not covered previously These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute US interest in Cuban Sugar production Caused by rebels Cuban revolutionaries torching sugar fields makes it necessary for US to intervene Hay Pauncefote When Britain backs out this seemingly allows US to build Canal However US has to purchase land which is in the passion of French engineering company US agrees to pay 40 million to French Philippe Bunau Varilla to finish construction However Colombia is in control of Panama US offers 10 million paid 250K year but Colombian senate demands 25 million upfront Bunau Varilla assures a revolution to US that will make Panama an independent he keeps his word and when Panama declares independence Bunau Varilla is now Ambassador of Panama by US and US signs the treaty and agrees to pay 10m for 250K year 1906 San Francisco Yellow Peril Japanese immigration in San Francisco San Francisco creates a policy that Japanese had to attend separate schools from whites Theodore Roosevelt negotiates 1907 Gentleman s Agreement An informal agreement between US and Japan where US would not restrict Japanese immigration and Japan would not allow further emigration to US Less immigration less discrimination However Roosevelt doesn t want to appear weak in the eyes of the Japanese from agreement so he flexes US muscles by 1907 1909 Great White Fleet Cruise around world to show US might and naval strength VERY expensive Congress refused to fund Roosevelt pushes Roosevelt expands aggressively at the expense of Congress this continues in years to come Japanese knew motives and think visit is recognition of Japanese prowess so they mistake the attempt to show power of US as an attempt to show superiority of Japan We don t have to bring them home Roosevelt 1908 Root Takahira Agreement Interpreted by US Japan stay put Japan s interpret that it means they have the status of most powerful country Respects status quo in Far East Meanwhile Europe is tense unstable 1870 71 Franco Prussian War After war Prussian victory in 1871 there is the unification of Germany Alsace Lorraine was taken from France on the border of France and Germany Real Root Cause of WWI Germany has reunited and as a rising world power is eager to counter Russia on the East and crush France on the West France wants Alsace Lorraine back Britain and France are wary of Germany Austria Hungary a tottering empire intent on subduing Serbia 1905 Lines of Allegiance Solidified Triple Entente Britain France Russian Tripe Alliance Germany Austria Hungary Italy Russia Serbia Bosnia Montenegro Slavic These are the forces that channeled problems of nationalism expansion and invasion 1914 Triggering Event of War Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand visits Serbia and is assassinated Serbians hated him Austria Hungary demands right to enter Serbia and investigate Serbia says NO Austria Hungary issues ultimatum to accept Austria Hungary as government or go to war Backed by Germany Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia Russians mobilize Germans mobilize French mobilize Germans declare war on Russia and France Britain stays away until Germany invades Belgium in route to France THEN Britain declares war on Germany US proclaims neutrality However trade heavily relied on Britain and France so if Britain and France go under US economy suffers US trade expands when Britain and France turn to war Britain establish blockade on North Sea to prevent Germans from receiving goods German U boats submarines Sink ships carrying supplies to Britain 1915 Lusitania sunk by German U Boat 200 Americans on board Secretly carrying munitions caused a large explosion 1916 Sussex Pledge French sinking of Sussex Germans pledge to not sink unless with warning for passenger vessels Find they can t stick to pledge January 1917 Germans return unrestricted submarine warfare o Believed it was America s destiny to expand its influence of territorial control and affairs 1917 February Zimmerman Note British intercept a telegram from German government to German Ambassador in Mexico Says if US declares War on Germany Mexico will declare War on US and regain stolen Mexican land Shows Germany and Mexico had an attempted alliance Solidifies American anger towards Germany April 1917 Woodrow Wilson US Enters War WW famous motto world must be made safe for Democracy now a thread in US foreign policy WW promise for no war is broken Ugly War trench warfare diseases gassing WWI The War to End All Wars Woodrow Wilson November 1917 Russian Revolution Long term effects on World Politics Overthrow of Russian Tsar Poverty starvation establishment of communist government March 1918 Separate Peace With Germany from Russia Russians left war after peace War ammunitions abandoned to Germans Germans can concentrate on Western front