HIST 2112 1ST Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I.By the End of 1890sII. 1890, Hawaii loses favored trade statusIII. 1895, Cuban insurrection against SpainIV. 1898, Remember the Maine! (To Hell with Spain)V. 1899, Philippine InsurrectionVI. 1901, Platt AmendmentVII. Philippines Lead to ChinaVIII. Building the Panama Canala. 1901, Hay-Pauncefote Treatyb. 1903, Hay-Bunau-Varilla TreatyIX. “I took Panama, while Congress debated it” X. 1905, Russo-Japanese WarOutline of Current Lecture XI.Revisit of Last Lecture (new information not covered previously) XII. 1906, San Francisco—“Yellow Peril”XIII. 1907-1909, Great White FleetXIV. 1870-71, Franco-Prussian Wara. Real Root Cause of WWI?XV. 1905, Lines of Allegiance SolidifiedXVI. 1914, Triggering Event of WarXVII. 1915, Lusitania sunk by German U-BoatXVIII. 1916, Sussex PledgeXIX. 1917, February, Zimmerman NoteXX. April 1917, Woodrow Wilson, US Enters WarXXI. November 1917, Russian RevolutionXXII. March 1918, Separate PeaceCurrent Lecture9/19/13: America and the Great War: Causes of WWI  Revisit of Last Lecture (new information not covered previously):These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- US interest in Cuban Sugar production Caused by rebels (Cuban revolutionaries) torching sugar fields makes it necessary for US to intervene- Hay-Pauncefote When Britain backs out, this “seemingly” allows US to build Canal However, US has to purchase land which is in the passion of French engineering company US agrees to pay $40 million to French, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, to finish construction However, Colombia is in control of Panama US offers $10 million paid $250K/year, but Colombian senate demands $25 million upfront Bunau-Varilla assures a revolution to US that will make Panama an independent; he keeps his word and when Panama declares independence, Bunau-Varilla is now Ambassador of Panama by US and US signs the treaty and agrees to pay $10m for 250K/year 1906, San Francisco—“Yellow Peril”:- Japanese immigration in San Francisco- San Francisco creates a policy that Japanese had to attend separate schools from whites- Theodore Roosevelt negotiates 1907, Gentleman’s Agreement An informal agreement between US and Japan where US would not restrict Japanese immigration and Japan would not allow further emigration to US Less immigration, less discrimination However, Roosevelt doesn’t want to appear “weak” in the eyes of the Japanese (from agreement), so he “flexes US muscles” by…. 1907-1909, Great White Fleet:- Cruise around world to show US might and naval strength- VERY expensive Congress refused to fund; Roosevelt pushes Roosevelt expands aggressively at the expense of Congress (this continues in years to come)- Japanese knew motives and think visit is recognition of Japanese prowess (so they mistake the attempt to show power of US, as an attempt to show superiority of Japan) “We don’t have to bring them home” –Roosevelt- 1908, Root-Takahira Agreement Interpreted by US: Japan stay put Japan’s interpret that it means they have the status of most powerful country Respects status quo in Far East Meanwhile, Europe is tense, unstable 1870-71, Franco-Prussian War:- After war (Prussian victory), in 1871, there is the unification of Germany- Alsace-Lorraine was taken from France (on the border of France and Germany)Real Root Cause of WWI?Germany has reunited and, as a rising world power, is eager to counter Russia on the East and crush France on the West (France wants Alsace-Lorraine back). Britain and France are wary of Germany, Austria-Hungary—a tottering empire intent on subduing Serbia. 1905, Lines of Allegiance Solidified:- Triple Entente: Britain, France, Russian- Tripe Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy- Russia, Serbia, Bosnia, Montenegro= Slavic- These are the forces that channeled problems of nationalism, expansion, and invasion 1914, Triggering Event of War:- Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand visits Serbia and is assassinated (Serbians hated him)- Austria-Hungary demands right to enter Serbia and investigate- Serbia says NO, Austria-Hungary issues ultimatum to accept Austria-Hungary as government or go to war- Backed by Germany, Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia- Russians mobilize, Germans mobilize, French mobilize- Germans declare war on Russia and FranceBritain stays away until Germany invades Belgium in route to France THEN Britain declares war on Germany- US proclaims neutrality However, trade heavily relied on Britain and France, so if Britain and France go under, US economy suffers US trade expands when Britain and France turn to war- Britain establish blockade on North Sea to prevent Germans from receiving goods- German U-boats (submarines Sink ships carrying supplies to Britain 1915, Lusitania sunk by German U-Boat:- 200 Americans on board- Secretly carrying munitions (caused a large explosion) 1916, Sussex Pledge:- French sinking of Sussex- Germans pledge to not sink unless with warning for passenger vessels- Find they can’t stick to pledge January 1917, Germans return unrestricted submarine warfareo Believed it was America’s destiny to expand its influence of territorial control and affairs 1917, February, Zimmerman Note:- British intercept a telegram from German government to German Ambassador in Mexico- Says if US declares War on Germany, Mexico will declare War on US and regain stolenMexican land (Shows Germany and Mexico had an attempted alliance)- Solidifies American anger towards Germany April 1917, Woodrow Wilson, US Enters War:- WW famous motto: “world must be made safe for Democracy” (now a thread in US foreign policy)- WW promise for no-war is broken- “Ugly” War: trench warfare, diseases, gassing- “WWI—The War to End All Wars” –Woodrow Wilson November 1917, Russian Revolution:- Long term effects on World Politics- Overthrow of Russian Tsar- Poverty, starvation  establishment of communist government March 1918, Separate Peace:- With Germany, from Russia- Russians left war after peace- War ammunitions abandoned to Germans- Germans can concentrate on Western