HIST 2112 1ST Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture I Two Major Accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement II 1965 Watts later Detroit Newark etc III 1966 Stokely Carmichael IV 1968 MLK assassinated V 1948 Dixiecrats Outline of Current Lecture VI Palestine VII Iran VIII 1979 Iraq IX War on Terror X Presidency Institution Responses to Predecessors Current Lecture The Middle East Palestine Palestine is the Holy Land for Jewish people Adjoins Syria and is next to Jordan and Egypt Had been under Turkish control until after WWI then it was turned over to British control Pressure from Jewish citizens in Great Britain and Zionists supporters for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine in 1930s from Hitler s attack on Jewish people After WWII migration influx into Palestine causes Great Britain to seek support advice of UN These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Arabs are upset if a separate Jewish state is established UN recommends Palestine be partitioned into Jewish and Arab states 1947 After UN Plan of 1947 1948 State of Israel o US gave full support for Israel they thought it would be a good ally in that part of the world where most of the oil supply comes from o War breaks out immediately Israel vs Arab neighbors 1967 Six day war with Egypt Jordan and Syria 1973 Yom Kippur War Iran Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadeq Wanted to nationalize oil industry in Iran 1953 Mossadeq was overthrown with US help Mohammad Reza Pahlavi is restored as Shah kept Iran open to western oil interests Dissatisfaction grows with him among people about his antidemocratic policies Does not spread wealth 1979 Islamic fundamentalist Ayatollah Khomeini returns from exile revolution erupts and he takes power after Shah flees from Iran Shah was allowed to enter US for cancer treatment under Carter administration This was an insult to Iran who was demanding that the Shah come back to Iran to face punishment Triggers November crisis of Teheran student who seize hostages at the US Embassy and demands Shah s return for trial Carter attempted to rescue but failed Carter says We are too dependent on foreign oil in the 1970s Oil is used as a leverage against us 1979 Iraq Saddam Hussein Becomes dictator Zealous totalitarian Upset about Iran s potential to cause uprising in Iraq 1980 1988 Iraq declares war on Iran Jealousy of borders and accusation of tapping into Iraq s oil stimulates the 1990 invasion of Kuwait The invasion was supported by Saudi Arabia The invasion leads to US reaction Operation Desert Shield Storm changes when we take offense Was over in a few days At the end of the conflict Hussein was still in power A decade later the 9 11 attack ensues 2003 Operation Iraqi Freedom launched after premise that Hussein s government had chemical weapons and was planning to attack Israel Hussein had used gas to suppress revolts War on Terror Al Qaeda other extra national groups become our target since they are not really a nation or country they had no rules which made in harder to declare war on them created very unconventional acts Conflict in the Middle East is a demonstration of limits of American power Presidency Institution Responses to Predecessors 1945 1953 Harry S Truman Becomes president after FDR Did not stack up to FDR but attempted to by Fair Deal o Which promised a continuation of New Deal programs and attitude and applied more to minorities 1947 Taft Hartley Act o Republicans regain control of Congress o They pass the act over Truman s veto o The act makes it much more difficult for labor unions to go on strike also outlaws practice of closed shop Do Nothing Congress o Truman dubs the Congress as the Do Nothing Congress o Truman was reelected however his second term was a nightmare K1C2 o Formula people used for K1 emphasizing Truman s failure at the Korean war o C2 emphasizing sandals and corruption during his administration 1953 1961 Dwight D Eisenhower Military man conservative o Didn t concern himself with laws thought that was Congress s job o He did promise a frugal government o Loved golf some Americans thought he was too invested in golf and not enough in what was going on in the country 1956 Soil Bank extension of New Deal 1956 Federal Highway Act o Creates interstate highway system o Opened up massive industrial development o Boost to the national economy 1957 Sputnik o Russians launch Sputnik into space small satellite o Addresses space exploration o Boosts science and math education 1960 U2 Spy Plane o Shot down over Russia o Pilot survived o Eisenhower was unaware of the U2 but makes a false statement to know about the program to show the American people he was involved